『New Atlas II』Lesson 8 の内容
【三友社出版発行：高校英語教科書】
『New Atlas II』 English Course Lesson 8 (P102 - 108)
(P109) Comprehension (P110) Grammar
(P111) Expressions (P112) Vocabulary
[P102]
Zamenhof − Creator of Esperanto
Do you have any idea how many languages are spoken all over the world ?
The number of existing languages seems to range from 3,000 to 6,000.
Because of differences of language and race, there have been conflicts among peoples.
It was for this reson that Zamenhof created Esperanto, an international language,
which means 'one who hopes.'
1
Zamenhof, creator of the internatinal language, Esperanto, was born in Bialystok,
Russian Polando, on December 15, 1859.
He was of Jewish birth. His father was a teacher of languages. Kis mother was deeply
religious. She believed and taught that all human beings were children of one lobing God.
[P103]
In his childhood in Russian Poland there was repression and injustice everywhere.
From early childhood Ludovic often saw terrifying evidence of national and racial hatreds.
If the Poles were oppressed, the Jews were oppressed still more cruelly.
He saw Russian soldiers abusing and threatening Poles and Jews.
He saw elderly Jews being pushed off the pavement and people spitting at a Jewish passer-by.
Ludovic himself was sometimes humiliated as a small jew.
[P104]
Many years later, Ludovic wrote : "In Bialystok the population consists of four diverse elements :
Russians, Poles, Germans and Jews ; each speaks a different language and is hostile to the other
elements. In this town, more than anywhere else, I feel the heavy burden of linguistic differences
and i am convinced that the deversity of language is the only, or at least the main, cause that
separates the human family and divides it into conflicting groups."
2
At a high school in Warsaw, he studied Russian language and literature, Latin, Greek, German and
French, as well as history, geography, mathematics and some science.
His history books told him of wars between nations. His desire to break down the barriers between
races and nations became stronger and stronger. At last he came to the conclusion that the key to
peace world be a language that belonged equally to all nations. He decided tha the world
[P105]
needed a language that was free from painful memories, a neutral language of neither the oppressors
nor the oppressed. However, there was no living language which could be acceptable to all perple,
and the dead languages were too difficult and no longer used.
Ludovic realized that the only solution to the problem was to create a new language himself.
3
At the age of fifteen he made his first attempt at forming a new language. But like the languages
he knew. it had comp;icated word endings and verb forms. However, a new stage in his work came
with a new stage in his language experence.
When he began to learn English, he
[P106]
was suprised to know that it had hardly any case ending compared with Polish, German and Russian.
He discovered its verbs were simpler. He realized that difficult case endings were nnot essential
to language. It seemed that they were merely a historical accident.
One day walking along a Warsaw street, he happened to find two ordinary Russian signboards with
the same endings :
SHVEYTSARSKAYA ('Portr's lodge') and
KONDITORSKAYA ('Confectioner's').
He realized that ir would be much easier for everyone to learn vocabulary by using a regular
system of affixes. Through this, he created the new language with a simpler, more regular and
logical grammar. For instance, 'mal' turned a word into its opposite : amiko,
'friend,' but malamiko, 'enemy' ; varma, 'warm,' malvarma,
'cold' ; bela, 'beautiful,' malbela, 'ugly,'
[P107]
4
On December 17, 1878, Ludovic and his friends celebrated the competion of the first succesful
attempt at creating a new language. they made a short speeches in the new language and sang
a hymn of brotherhood, standing round a table on which was a special cake baked by his mother :
Enmity of the nations,
It is already time !
In one family,
The whole of humanity
Must be united.
Even though this new language was different from the present Esperanto, the idea of a world
language was proved to be possible.
[P108]
He wished to set all perple free from hatred and claimed that the culture and the natural
language of one nation or group of nations should not be forced on any other nation.
Esperanto is the most successful of the arificial international language and there are about
1,000,000 Esperanto speakers in the world.
The Eigth Session of UNESCO passeed a resolution recongnizing the efforts of the Unuversal
Esperanto Association. Their "aim of bringing the people of the world closer together" is
the same aws that of UNESCO.
However, Esperanto is not accepted as an official language in the United Nations, even now,
though language is still a social problem the world over.
[P109] Comprehension
Ａ 次の中から，ザメンホフがエスペラント語を作るのに大きく影響をうけたものを５つ選びなさい。
1. the history books he studied at high school
2. different language among different races
3. mathematics and science
4. studying English
5. the cake baked by his mother
6. dead languages
7. two signs with the same ending
8. difficulty in vocabulary learning
※※※ 中略 ※※※
[P112]Let's Communicate !
1. (1) には下の表からエスペラント語の単語を，(2) にはそれに対応する英単語を類推して入れ、
例にならって会話をしてみよう。
（例）A : What do you think (1) means in English ?
B : I think it means (2) in English.
エスペラント語 pomo, hundo, domo, libro, teo
英 語 tea, house, book, apple, dog
エスペラント語の発音は，ローマ字読みでうしろから２つ目の母音を少し長めに発音します。
（例） ｐｏｍｏ 〔ポーモ〕
2. 簡単なエスペラント語の会話を楽しもう。
(1) A : Kiel vi fartas ? ( How are you ? )
B : Mi estas bona, dankon. ( I'm fane, thank you. )
(2) Bonan matenon. = Good morning.
Bonan tagon. = Good afternoon.
Bonan nokton. = Good night.
〔転載許可済み〕
『New Atlas U』English Course Lesson 8 (P102-112)より
(三友社出版株式会社発行: 1999年 1月20日発行
1998年 2月28日 文部省検定済 高等学校外国語科用)
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