Figures of the world

The character that stands for a number

Arabic numerals		0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	Remarks
Chinese numerals	simple												-
	complicated*3					-	-	-	-	-	-		-
Roman numerals	uppercase	-	I	II	III	IV	V	VI	VII	VIII	IX	X	L : 50, C : 100, D : 500, M : 1000
	lowercase	-	i	ii	iii	iv	v	vi	vii	viii	ix	x	l : 50, c : 100, d : 500, m : 1000
Amharic numerals		-											-
modern Arabic numerals													-
Devanagari numerals													-
Tibetan numerals													-
Thai numerals													-
Lao numerals													-

Small numbers and Big numbers

Exponent	Prefix *5		Japanese *6	English *7		Amharic *8
	symbol	reading		U.S.A.	U.K.
10-12	p	pico	-	-	-	-
10-11	-	-	-	-	-	-
10-10	-	-	-	-	-	-
10-9	n	nano	-	-	-	-
10-8	-	-	-	-	-	-
10-7	-	-	-	-	-	-
10-6	µ	micro	-	-	-	-
10-5	-	-	-	-	-	-
10-4	-	-		-	-	-
10-3	m	milli		-	-	-
10-2	c	centi		-	-	-
10-1	d	deci		-	-	-
1	-	-		one
10	da (or D)	deca		ten
102	h	hecto		hundred
103	k	kilo		thousand		-
104	-	-		-
105	-	-	-	-		-
106	M	mega	-	million		-
107	-	-	-	-		-
108	-	-		-		-
109	G	giga	-	billion	(milliard)	-
1010	-	-	-	-	-	-
1011	-	-	-	-	-	-
1012	T	tera		trillion	billion	-

Numerical notations of the world

Using locale command of Unix, I picked up the following keywords in categories ^*11 of LC_NUMERIC and LC_MONETARY, arranged numerical notations of the world mechanically.

d.d.	: decimal delimiter.
t.s.	: thousands separator. Especially Symbol Returned value Comment nul empty - sp space - a0 <0xa0> This ASCII code corresponds to non-breaking space, hence replaced with space(0x20) in the sample field.
grouping	: This operand is a sequence of integers separated by semicolons. s1 ; s2 ; s3 ; ... ; sn-1 ; sn Each integer specifies the number of digits in each group, s1 : the size of the group immediately preceding the decimal delimiter. s2 , ... : the size of the preceding groups. sn : If not -1, then the size of the previous group (if any) will be repeatedly used for the remainder of the digits. If -1, then no further grouping will be performed.
sample	: shows a million down to the first decimal place. The sample of MONETARY is the numeral part only. Really a currency symbol *12 or a sign are adhered to the front or the rear of the numeral part.
i.c.s.	: international currency symbol *12

Note 1

Though not all country's information is registered in the locale database and the one I'm using may not be the latest version, the locale does not always reflect the real. E.g. Locales of a part of Spanish bloc in Latin America seem to be not appropriate (or not updated). At least it is said that the current notation of monetary quantities is same as English bloc's. In the following table, Russian MONETARY notation is different from NUMERIC one but may be same as now.

(*1)	Arabic numerals and the decimal system are born in India and brought into Europe via Arabia. See Languages and Characters of India. Today in the world wide pictures carried by satellite waves ( NHK BS, SKY PerfecTV! ) and ground waves, figures that express time, temperature and the exchange rate are almost Arabic.
(*2)	As Roman numerals are sometimes found on a dial of a clock, Japanese printing world often calls them “clock characters”.
(*3)	It is said that complicated style prevents falsification, alteration and forgery.
(*4)	All positive integer N can be expressed uniquely as N = dn k n + dn-1 k n-1 ... + d2 k 2 + d1 k + d0 (0<=di < k) , where k is a base, greater than or equal to 2. In radix k , N is dn dn-1 ... d2 d1 d0 . For example, ##### ##### ##### ##### ##### ##### is decimal 30, binary 11110, octal 36, hexadecimal 1E. When k > 10 , digits that represent 10, 11, ... , k -1 are necessary, the hexadecimal system uses the letters A-F (or a-f) with values of (decimal) 10 to 15. In computer science, the quantity of information is represented on base 2. One kbyte is defined as 1024 byte generally, because 210 = 1024 nearly equals 1000 = 103.
(*5)	Prefixes that form decimal multiples and sub-multiples are defined as a part of the International System of Units (SI). Micro and mega are used as modifiers meaning small and big respectively, appear in Greek vowels omicron and omega. In English, an antonym of micro is macro.
(*6)	Japanese names 10n where n is a multiple of 4. Therefore a large number is read easily, if it is separated every 4 digits from the right. In Japan, the size of each group of digits has become 3 from 4 in accordance with the world standard, I think.
(*7)	The name of the number more than 109 is different in U.S.A. and U.K. While U.S.A raises new word “billion”, U.K. continues the expression “multiple of million(=106)” to 1011. 109 : one thousand million ("milliard" is another name.) 1010 : ten thousand million 1011 : one hundred thousand million English distinguishes cardinal numbers and ordinal numbers. The latter is written in the following way. 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, ... ,10th, 11th, 12th, 13th, 14th, ... 20th, 21st, 22nd, 23rd, 24th, ... , 100th, 101st, 102nd, 103rd, 104th, ... This shows the vigesimal (adj. based on or pertaining to 20) system.
(*8)	Amharic has figures that represent 10, 20, 30, ... , 90, 100 and 10000, where the decimal and centesimal system seem to coexist. Numbers up to million are written as the following table.
(*9)	In the domain of science, a thousands separator is apt to be omitted. Prime number, Physical Constants, Periodic Table of the Elements
(*10)	Judging from the pronunciation, the country may be Germany or Holland. Prudent concern is required when you deal with monetary information. At the year 2000, Quest (a database of questions and answers on the euro and European Economic and Monetary Union) said that Q Is there an official decimal “delimiter” (fullstop or comma) between euro and cent ? A There is no European rule on this. National rules and practices determine whether they use a fullstop or a comma. In Europe (and almost all of Russian countries), the general trend of decimal delimiter is “,”(comma). United Kingdom and Ireland (also English bloc and Asia) employ “.”(fullstop). So when you vocalize 123.456 in English, “one hundred and twenty-three decimal four five six” is a better choice than “point”. ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (Fourth edition, 2001) 6.6.8.1 says that "The decimal sign shall be a comma on the line in all language versions." The 22nd General Conference on Weights and Measures (2003) declares that the symbol for the decimal marker shall be either the point on the line or the comma on the line, reaffirms that "Numbers may be divided in groups of three in order to facilitate reading; neither dots nor commas are ever inserted in the spaces between groups", as stated in Resolution 7 of the 9th CGPM, 1948.
(*11)	Other categories of Locale are LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_TIME and LC_MESSAGES.
(*12)	There are various currency signs, e.g. ¥(yen), $(dollar), ¢(cent), £(pound), ¤(general one), etc. Consequently the ISO defines the international currency symbol (three characters). ISO 4217, Currency Formats (not yet completed)