stub(スタブ)エリアについてはじめに前回は、マルチエリア構成でエリアごとにルート集約することで、エリア内部ルータのルーティングテーブルサイズが小さくなることを勉強しました。しかし、外部ルートに関しては何も気にしていませんでした。 ここでは、外部ルートが多い環境でルータの負荷を軽減する一つの方法としてStub(スタブ)エリアを勉強しましょう。外部ルート数を減らすための手段としては、外部ルートをASBRで集約することもできますますので、これもあわせて勉強します。 構成下図の構成は、全ての外部ルートがエリア0で発生していることを前提としています。下図の環境でエリア1がノーマルエリアの場合、ルーティングテーブルがどうなるか確認してみましょう。 まずは設定OSPFに関する部分だけ設定を以下に書きます。 R1#sh run | b router ospf router ospf 1 router-id 172.18.1.1 log-adjacency-changes area 0 range 172.16.12.0 255.255.252.0 area 1 range 172.17.12.0 255.255.252.0 network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0 network 172.17.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 1 network 172.18.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 1 R2#sh run | b router ospf router ospf 1 router-id 172.18.1.2 log-adjacency-changes redistribute connected network 172.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0 R3#sh run | b router ospf router ospf 1 router-id 172.18.1.3 log-adjacency-changes network 172.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 1 ルーティングテーブルR1#sh ip ro O E2 192.168.31.0/24 [110/20] via 172.16.12.2, 00:00:39, FastEthernet0/0 O E2 192.168.8.0/24 [110/20] via 172.16.12.2, 00:00:39, FastEthernet0/0 O E2 192.168.9.0/24 [110/20] via 172.16.12.2, 00:00:39, FastEthernet0/0 O E2 192.168.10.0/24 [110/20] via 172.16.12.2, 00:00:39, FastEthernet0/0 172.17.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 5 subnets, 2 masks C 172.17.13.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1 O 172.17.12.0/24 [110/2] via 172.17.13.3, 00:01:30, FastEthernet0/1 O 172.17.12.0/22 is a summary, 00:01:31, Null0 O 172.17.15.0/24 [110/2] via 172.17.13.3, 00:01:31, FastEthernet0/1 O 172.17.14.0/24 [110/2] via 172.17.13.3, 00:01:31, FastEthernet0/1 172.16.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 5 subnets, 2 masks C 172.16.12.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 O 172.16.12.0/22 is a summary, 00:00:40, Null0 O 172.16.13.0/24 [110/11] via 172.16.12.2, 00:00:40, FastEthernet0/0 O 172.16.14.0/24 [110/11] via 172.16.12.2, 00:00:40, FastEthernet0/0 O 172.16.15.0/24 [110/11] via 172.16.12.2, 00:00:40, FastEthernet0/0 172.18.0.0/32 is subnetted, 3 subnets O 172.18.1.3 [110/2] via 172.17.13.3, 00:01:32, FastEthernet0/1 O 172.18.1.2 [110/11] via 172.16.12.2, 00:00:40, FastEthernet0/0 C 172.18.1.1 is directly connected, Loopback0 O E2 192.168.11.0/24 [110/20] via 172.16.12.2, 00:00:40, FastEthernet0/0 O E2 192.168.41.0/24 [110/20] via 172.16.12.2, 00:00:40, FastEthernet0/0 O E2 192.168.21.0/24 [110/20] via 172.16.12.2, 00:00:40, FastEthernet0/0 R2#sh ip ro C 192.168.31.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback31 C 192.168.8.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback8 C 192.168.9.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback9 C 192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback10 172.17.0.0/22 is subnetted, 1 subnets O IA 172.17.12.0 [110/11] via 172.16.12.1, 00:06:21, FastEthernet0/0 172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets C 172.16.12.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 C 172.16.13.0 is directly connected, Loopback13 C 172.16.14.0 is directly connected, Loopback14 C 172.16.15.0 is directly connected, Loopback15 172.18.0.0/32 is subnetted, 3 subnets O IA 172.18.1.3 [110/12] via 172.16.12.1, 00:06:22, FastEthernet0/0 C 172.18.1.2 is directly connected, Loopback0 O IA 172.18.1.1 [110/11] via 172.16.12.1, 00:06:22, FastEthernet0/0 C 192.168.11.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback11 C 192.168.41.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback41 C 192.168.21.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback21 R3#sh ip ro O E2 192.168.31.0/24 [110/20] via 172.17.13.1, 00:07:01, FastEthernet0/1 O E2 192.168.8.0/24 [110/20] via 172.17.13.1, 00:07:01, FastEthernet0/1 O E2 192.168.9.0/24 [110/20] via 172.17.13.1, 00:07:01, FastEthernet0/1 O E2 192.168.10.0/24 [110/20] via 172.17.13.1, 00:07:01, FastEthernet0/1 172.17.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets C 172.17.13.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1 C 172.17.12.0 is directly connected, Loopback12 C 172.17.15.0 is directly connected, Loopback15 C 172.17.14.0 is directly connected, Loopback14 172.16.0.0/22 is subnetted, 1 subnets O IA 172.16.12.0 [110/11] via 172.17.13.1, 00:07:58, FastEthernet0/1 172.18.0.0/32 is subnetted, 3 subnets C 172.18.1.3 is directly connected, Loopback0 O IA 172.18.1.2 [110/12] via 172.17.13.1, 00:07:07, FastEthernet0/1 O 172.18.1.1 [110/2] via 172.17.13.1, 00:07:58, FastEthernet0/1 O E2 192.168.11.0/24 [110/20] via 172.17.13.1, 00:07:02, FastEthernet0/1 O E2 192.168.41.0/24 [110/20] via 172.17.13.1, 00:07:02, FastEthernet0/1 O E2 192.168.21.0/24 [110/20] via 172.17.13.1, 00:07:02, FastEthernet0/1 ASBR(R2)で外部ルートを集約図からわかるように、R2で発生している外部ルートの中で、以下のルートを192.168.8.0/22に集約できます。 Lo 8 : 192.168. 8.0/24 Lo 9 : 192.168. 9.0/24 Lo10 : 192.168.10.0/24 Lo11 : 192.168.11.0/24 集約に必要となる設定は、以下の通りです。 R2#sh run | b router ospf
router ospf 1
router-id 172.18.1.2
log-adjacency-changes
summary-address 192.168.8.0 255.255.252.0
redistribute connected
network 172.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
各ルータのルーティングテーブルを確認しましょう。(OSPFのみを確認します。) ■R1■ R1#sh ip ro ospf O E2 192.168.31.0/24 [110/20] via 172.16.12.2, 00:25:13, FastEthernet0/0 172.17.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 5 subnets, 2 masks O 172.17.12.0/24 [110/2] via 172.17.13.3, 00:26:05, FastEthernet0/1 O 172.17.12.0/22 is a summary, 00:26:05, Null0 O 172.17.15.0/24 [110/2] via 172.17.13.3, 00:26:05, FastEthernet0/1 O 172.17.14.0/24 [110/2] via 172.17.13.3, 00:26:05, FastEthernet0/1 172.16.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 5 subnets, 2 masks O 172.16.12.0/22 is a summary, 00:25:13, Null0 O 172.16.13.0/24 [110/11] via 172.16.12.2, 00:25:13, FastEthernet0/0 O 172.16.14.0/24 [110/11] via 172.16.12.2, 00:25:13, FastEthernet0/0 O 172.16.15.0/24 [110/11] via 172.16.12.2, 00:25:13, FastEthernet0/0 172.18.0.0/32 is subnetted, 3 subnets O 172.18.1.3 [110/2] via 172.17.13.3, 00:26:05, FastEthernet0/1 O 172.18.1.2 [110/11] via 172.16.12.2, 00:25:13, FastEthernet0/0 O E2 192.168.41.0/24 [110/20] via 172.16.12.2, 00:25:13, FastEthernet0/0 O E2 192.168.21.0/24 [110/20] via 172.16.12.2, 00:25:14, FastEthernet0/0 O E2 192.168.8.0/22 [110/20] via 172.16.12.2, 00:03:58, FastEthernet0/0 R2では、外部ルートの集約ルート(192.168.8.0/22)がNull0に向かってできています。 R2#sh ip ro ospf
172.17.0.0/22 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA 172.17.12.0 [110/11] via 172.16.12.1, 00:26:14, FastEthernet0/0
172.18.0.0/32 is subnetted, 3 subnets
O IA 172.18.1.3 [110/12] via 172.16.12.1, 00:26:14, FastEthernet0/0
O IA 172.18.1.1 [110/11] via 172.16.12.1, 00:26:14, FastEthernet0/0
O 192.168.8.0/22 is a summary, 00:04:58, Null0
R3にもO E2 192.168.8.0/22が現れ、このルートに含まれる細かなルートが消えたため、ルーティングテーブルサイズが少し小さくなりました。 R3#sh ip ro ospf O E2 192.168.31.0/24 [110/20] via 172.17.13.1, 00:26:39, FastEthernet0/1 172.16.0.0/22 is subnetted, 1 subnets O IA 172.16.12.0 [110/11] via 172.17.13.1, 00:27:35, FastEthernet0/1 172.18.0.0/32 is subnetted, 3 subnets O IA 172.18.1.2 [110/12] via 172.17.13.1, 00:26:44, FastEthernet0/1 O 172.18.1.1 [110/2] via 172.17.13.1, 00:27:35, FastEthernet0/1 O E2 192.168.41.0/24 [110/20] via 172.17.13.1, 00:26:39, FastEthernet0/1 O E2 192.168.21.0/24 [110/20] via 172.17.13.1, 00:26:39, FastEthernet0/1 O E2 192.168.8.0/22 [110/20] via 172.17.13.1, 00:05:28, FastEthernet0/1 しかし、集約できない外部ルート(192.168.21.2/24、192.168.31.2/24、192.168.41.2/24)がまだ残っています。これを何とかする方法を勉強しましょう。 Stubエリアここで、エリア1をstubにしてみましょう。 構成設定R1#sh run
router ospf 1
router-id 172.18.1.1
log-adjacency-changes
area 0 range 172.16.12.0 255.255.252.0
area 1 stub
area 1 range 172.17.12.0 255.255.252.0
network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
network 172.17.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 1
network 172.18.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 1
R2#sh run router ospf 1 router-id 172.18.1.2 log-adjacency-changes summary-address 192.168.8.0 255.255.252.0 redistribute connected network 172.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0 R3#sh run
router ospf 1
router-id 172.18.1.3
log-adjacency-changes
area 1 stub
network 172.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 1
ルーティングテーブルの確認R1#sh ip route ospf O E2 192.168.31.0/24 [110/20] via 172.16.12.2, 00:33:40, FastEthernet0/0 172.17.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 5 subnets, 2 masks O 172.17.12.0/24 [110/2] via 172.17.13.3, 00:33:40, FastEthernet0/1 O 172.17.12.0/22 is a summary, 00:33:40, Null0 O 172.17.15.0/24 [110/2] via 172.17.13.3, 00:33:40, FastEthernet0/1 O 172.17.14.0/24 [110/2] via 172.17.13.3, 00:33:40, FastEthernet0/1 172.16.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 5 subnets, 2 masks O 172.16.12.0/22 is a summary, 00:34:17, Null0 O 172.16.13.0/24 [110/11] via 172.16.12.2, 00:34:17, FastEthernet0/0 O 172.16.14.0/24 [110/11] via 172.16.12.2, 00:34:17, FastEthernet0/0 O 172.16.15.0/24 [110/11] via 172.16.12.2, 00:34:17, FastEthernet0/0 172.18.0.0/32 is subnetted, 3 subnets O 172.18.1.3 [110/2] via 172.17.13.3, 00:33:40, FastEthernet0/1 O 172.18.1.2 [110/11] via 172.16.12.2, 00:34:17, FastEthernet0/0 O E2 192.168.41.0/24 [110/20] via 172.16.12.2, 00:33:40, FastEthernet0/0 O E2 192.168.21.0/24 [110/20] via 172.16.12.2, 00:33:41, FastEthernet0/0 O E2 192.168.8.0/22 [110/20] via 172.16.12.2, 00:33:41, FastEthernet0/0 R2#sh ip route ospf 172.17.0.0/22 is subnetted, 1 subnets O IA 172.17.12.0 [110/11] via 172.16.12.1, 00:34:02, FastEthernet0/0 172.18.0.0/32 is subnetted, 3 subnets O IA 172.18.1.3 [110/12] via 172.16.12.1, 00:34:02, FastEthernet0/0 O IA 172.18.1.1 [110/11] via 172.16.12.1, 00:37:58, FastEthernet0/0 O 192.168.8.0/22 is a summary, 00:39:33, Null0 R3#sh ip route ospf
172.16.0.0/22 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA 172.16.12.0 [110/11] via 172.17.13.1, 00:34:16, FastEthernet0/1
172.18.0.0/32 is subnetted, 3 subnets
O IA 172.18.1.2 [110/12] via 172.17.13.1, 00:34:16, FastEthernet0/1
O 172.18.1.1 [110/2] via 172.17.13.1, 00:34:16, FastEthernet0/1
O*IA 0.0.0.0/0 [110/2] via 172.17.13.1, 00:34:16, FastEthernet0/1
R3のルーティングテーブルからは、外部ルートが無くなり、そのかわりデフォルトルートがABRから流れてきました。内部ルートについては、エリア1がノーマルエリアのときと同じように流れ続けています。 Stubエリア内にASBRがある場合StubエリアのABRは、外部ルートをstubエリア内に流さないことがわかりました。では、stubエリア内にASBRがある場合、このASBRで生じた外部ルートはどうなるのでしょうか? R3(config)#int loop 4 R3(config-if)#ip add 192.168.4.3 255.255.255.0 R3(config-if)#router ospf 1 R3(config-router)#redistribute connected % Only classful networks will be redistributed Warning: Router is currently an ASBR while having only one area which is a stub area Warning: Router is currently an ASBR while having only one area which is a stub
area R1#sh ip ro ospf O E2 192.168.31.0/24 [110/20] via 172.16.12.2, 00:13:06, FastEthernet0/0 172.17.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 5 subnets, 2 masks O 172.17.12.0/24 [110/2] via 172.17.13.3, 00:13:06, FastEthernet0/1 O 172.17.12.0/22 is a summary, 00:13:06, Null0 O 172.17.15.0/24 [110/2] via 172.17.13.3, 00:13:06, FastEthernet0/1 O 172.17.14.0/24 [110/2] via 172.17.13.3, 00:13:06, FastEthernet0/1 172.16.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 5 subnets, 2 masks O 172.16.12.0/22 is a summary, 00:13:06, Null0 O 172.16.13.0/24 [110/11] via 172.16.12.2, 00:13:06, FastEthernet0/0 O 172.16.14.0/24 [110/11] via 172.16.12.2, 00:13:06, FastEthernet0/0 O 172.16.15.0/24 [110/11] via 172.16.12.2, 00:13:06, FastEthernet0/0 172.18.0.0/32 is subnetted, 3 subnets O 172.18.1.3 [110/2] via 172.17.13.3, 00:13:06, FastEthernet0/1 O 172.18.1.2 [110/11] via 172.16.12.2, 00:13:06, FastEthernet0/0 O E2 192.168.41.0/24 [110/20] via 172.16.12.2, 00:13:06, FastEthernet0/0 O E2 192.168.21.0/24 [110/20] via 172.16.12.2, 00:13:07, FastEthernet0/0 O E2 192.168.8.0/22 [110/20] via 172.16.12.2, 00:13:07, FastEthernet0/0 このことから、stubエリアでは、外部ルートを流すことができないことがわかりましたね。 stubエリアについて簡単にまとめてみましょう
では、stubエリアにスタティックルートを持ったルータや別のダイナミックルーティングプロトコルをしゃべるルータが居て、そのルートをOSPFに再配信する必要があるとき、どうすればいいのでしょうか? LANプロトコルトレーニング > OSPF > stub(スタブ)エリアについて
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