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J Immunother. 2009 Feb-Mar;32(2):203-5.
Inflammatory enteric neuropathy with severe constipation after ipilimumab treatment for melanoma: a case report.
Bhatia S, Huber BR, Upton MP, Thompson JA.
Department of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA. sbhatia@u.washington.edu

Pediatr Neurol. 2009 Feb;40(2):126-7.
The effect of constipation on valproic acid dosage in a 17-year-old.
Madan Cohen JE, Moshe SL.
Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA. jcohen01@ccmckids.org <jcohen01@ccmckids.org>

J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2009 Mar;48(3):249-56.
Intestinal microbiota during infancy and its implications for obesity.
Reinhardt C, Reigstad CS, Backhed F.
Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research/Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
We discuss how the gut microbiota regulates obesity and how environmental factors that affect the establishment of the gut microbiota during infancy may contribute to obesity later in life.

Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2009 Feb 25.
Gastric acid reduction leads to an alteration in lower intestinal microflora.
Kanno T, Matsuki T, Oka M, Utsunomiya H, Inada K, Magari H, Inoue I, Maekita T, Ueda K, Enomoto S, Iguchi M, Yanaoka K, Tamai H, Akimoto S, Nomoto K, Tanaka R, Ichinose M.
Department of Gastroenterology, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama-city, Wakayama 641-0012, Japan; Department of Microbiology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
In both rat and human experiments, most genera or groups of intestinal microflora (facultative and obligate anaerobes) proliferated by gastric acid reduction, and marked and significant increases in the Lactobacilli group and Veillonella, oropharyngeal bacteria, were observed. In rats, potent gastric acid inhibition led to a marked and significant increase of intestinal bacteria, including the Bacteroidesfragilis group, while Bifidobacterium, a beneficial bacterial species, remained at a constant level.

Nutr Rev. 2009 Feb;67(2):77-82.
Cross-talk of human gut with bifidobacteria.
Trebichavsky I, Rada V, Splichalova A, Splichal I.
Division of Immunology and Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Novy Hradek, Czech Republic.

J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009 Feb;123(2):335-41.
Probiotics prevent IgE-associated allergy until age 5 years in cesarean-delivered children but not in the total cohort.
Kuitunen M, Kukkonen K, Juntunen-Backman K, Korpela R, Poussa T, Tuure T, Haahtela T, Savilahti E.
Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
Of the 1018 intent-to-treat infants, 891 (88%) attended the 5-year visit. Frequencies of allergic and IgE-associated allergic disease and sensitization in the probiotic and placebo groups were similar: 52.6% versus 54.9% and 29.5% versus 26.6%, respectively, and 41.3% in both. No significant difference appeared in frequencies of eczema (39.3% vs 43.3%), atopic eczema (24.0% vs 25.1%), allergic rhinitis (20.7% vs 19.1%), or asthma (13.0% vs 14.1%) between groups. However, less IgE-associated allergic disease occurred in cesarean-delivered children receiving probiotics (24.3% vs 40.5%; odds ratio, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.23% to 0.96%; P = .035).No allergy-preventive effect that extended to age 5 years was achieved with perinatal supplementation of probiotic bacteria to high-risk mothers and children. It conferred protection only to cesarean-delivered children.

J Dairy Res. 2009 Feb;76(1):98-104.
Synbiotic effect of Lactobacillus helveticus M92 and prebiotics on the intestinal microflora and immune system of mice.
Frece J, Kos B, Svetec IK, Zgaga Z, Beganovi? J, Lebos A, Suskovi? J.
Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Croatia. jgoreta@pbf.hr

Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2009 Mar 1;29(5):508-18.
Clinical trial: the effects of a trans-galactooligosaccharide prebiotic on faecal microbiota and symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome.
Silk DB, Davis A, Vulevic J, Tzortzis G, Gibson GR.
Department of Academic Surgery, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK. David.Silk@nwlh.nhs.uk
The prebiotic significantly enhanced faecal bifidobacteria (3.5 g/d P < 0.005; 7 g/d P < 0.001). Placebo was without effect on the clinical parameters monitored, while the prebiotic at 3.5 g/d significantly changed stool consistency (P < 0.05), improved flatulence (P < 0.05) bloating (P < 0.05), composite score of symptoms (P < 0.05) and SGA (P < 0.05). The prebiotic at 7 g/d significantly improved SGA (P < 0.05) and anxiety scores (P < 0.05). The galactooligosaccharide acted as a prebiotic in specifically stimulating gut bifidobacteria in IBS patients and is effective in alleviating symptoms. These findings suggest that the prebiotic has potential as a therapeutic agent in IBS.

J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2009 Mar;48(3):249-56.
Intestinal microbiota during infancy and its implications for obesity.
Reinhardt C, Reigstad CS, Backhed F.
Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research/Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.

FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2009 Mar 2.
The interaction of Bacteroides fragilis with components of the human fibrinolytic system.
Ferreira ED, de Carvalho JB, Peixoto RJ, Lobo LA, Zingalli RB, Smith CJ, Rocha ER, Domingues RM.
Laboratorio Biologia de Anaerobios, Departamento de Microbiologia Medica, UFRJ, Ilha do Fundao, CCS, Instituto de Microbiologia Prof. Paulo de Goes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2009 Feb 23.
Low counts of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in colitis microbiota.
Sokol H, Seksik P, Furet JP, Firmesse O, Nion-Larmurier I, Beaugerie L, Cosnes J, Corthier G, Marteau P, Dore J.
UEPSD, INRA, Jouy-en-Josas, France.

Int J Food Microbiol. 2009 Mar 31;130(2):117-21.
Impact of coffee consumption on the gut microbiota: a human volunteer study.
Jaquet M, Rochat I, Moulin J, Cavin C, Bibiloni R.
Nestle Research Center, Nutrition and Health Department, Lausanne, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, Switzerland.
The impact of a moderate consumption of an instant coffee on the general composition of the human intestinal bacterial population was assessed in this study. Sixteen (16) healthy adult volunteers consumed a daily dose of 3 cups of coffee during 3 weeks. Our results show that the consumption of the coffee preparation resulting from water co-extraction of green and roasted coffee beans produce an increase in the metabolic activity and/or numbers of the Bifidobacterium spp. population, a bacterial group of reputed beneficial effects, without major impact on the dominant microbiota.

Poult Sci. 2009 Mar;88(3):586-92.
The influence of copper concentration and source on ileal microbiota.
Pang Y, Patterson JA, Applegate TJ.
Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054.

Microbiology. 2009 Feb;155(Pt 2):513-20.
Differences between human subjects in the composition of the faecal bacterial community and faecal metabolism of linoleic acid.
Devillard E, McIntosh FM, Paillard D, Thomas NA, Shingfield KJ, Wallace RJ.
Rowett Research Institute, Greenburn Road, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, UK.

J Agric Food Chem. 2009 Feb 25;57(4):1354-61.
In vitro fermentation profiles, gas production rates, and microbiota modulation as affected by certain fructans, galactooligosaccharides, and polydextrose.
Hernot DC, Boileau TW, Bauer LL, Middelbos IS, Murphy MR, Swanson KS, Fahey GC Jr.
University of Illinois, Department of Animal Sciences, 1207 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.

Appl Environ Microbiol. 2009 Mar;75(6):1534-45.
Exploring the diversity of the bifidobacterial population in the human intestinal tract.
Turroni F, Foroni E, Pizzetti P, Giubellini V, Ribbera A, Merusi P, Cagnasso P, Bizzarri B, de'Angelis GL, Shanahan F, van Sinderen D, Ventura M.
Department of Genetics, Biology of Microorganisms, Anthropology and Evolution, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11a, 43100 Parma, Italy.

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Feb 17;106(7):2365-70.
Human gut microbiota in obesity and after gastric bypass.
Zhang H, DiBaise JK, Zuccolo A, Kudrna D, Braidotti M, Yu Y, Parameswaran P, Crowell MD, Wing R, Rittmann BE, Krajmalnik-Brown R.
Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
Recent evidence suggests that the microbial community in the human intestine may play an important role in the pathogenesis of obesity. Specifically, Firmicutes were dominant in normal-weight and obese individuals but significantly decreased in post-gastric-bypass individuals, who had a proportional increase of Gammaproteobacteria. Numbers of the H(2)-producing Prevotellaceae were highly enriched in the obese individuals. Unlike the highly diverse Bacteria, the Archaea comprised mainly members of the order Methanobacteriales, which are H(2)-oxidizing methanogens. Using real-time PCR, we detected significantly higher numbers of H(2)-utilizing methanogenic Archaea in obese individuals than in normal-weight or post-gastric-bypass individuals. The coexistence of H(2)-producing bacteria with relatively high numbers of H(2)-utilizing methanogenic Archaea in the gastrointestinal tract of obese individuals leads to the hypothesis that interspecies H(2) transfer between bacterial and archaeal species is an important mechanism for increasing energy uptake by the human large intestine in obese persons. The large bacterial population shift seen in the post-gastric-bypass individuals may reflect the double impact of the gut alteration caused by the surgical procedure and the consequent changes in food ingestion and digestion.

Acta Paediatr. 2009 Feb;98(2):229-38.
Establishment of the gut microbiota in Western infants.
Adlerberth I, Wold AE.
Department Infectious Diseases, Institution of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden. ia@microbio.gu.se
The bacteria derive from different sources and the colonization pattern is influenced by delivery mode and environmental factors. Commensal microbes provide the major drive for maturation of the immune system. Increased hygiene appears to have changed the gut flora of Western infants, which may affect the risk of developing immune mediated diseases. CONCLUSION: It is clear that the process of infant colonization needs to be studied further, since composition of the microbiota may impact on child health.

J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009 Feb;123(2):499-501.
Prenatal probiotic administration can influence Bifidobacterium microbiota development in infants at high risk of allergy.
Lahtinen SJ, Boyle RJ, Kivivuori S, Oppedisano F, Smith KR, Robins-Browne R, Salminen SJ, Tang ML.

J Cell Mol Med. 2009 Feb 9.
Phenoxodiol, an anticancer isoflavene, induces immunomodulatory effects in vitro and in vivo.
Sylvianna G, Margarita S, Marinos T, Katerina NA, Kyriaki I, Alan H, Aristotelis B, Meletios DA, Andreas CI, Ourania TE.
Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
We conclude that PXD, when administered at low concentrations, can act as an immunomodulator, enhancing impaired immune responses, often seen in cancer-bearing individuals.

Nat Med (Tokyo). 2009 Feb 14.
Microbial transformation and bioactivation of isoflavones from Pueraria flowers by human intestinal bacterial strains.
Tsuchihashi R, Kodera M, Sakamoto S, Nakajima Y, Yamazaki T, Niiho Y, Nohara T, Kinjo J.
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.
We elucidated the microbial transformation of the main isoflavones (1, 1a and 2) by using 29 commercially available human intestinal bacterial strains together with the bioactivation of the hepatoprotective activity of their metabolites.

J Nutr. 2009 Mar;139(3):467-73.
Neonatal exposure to daidzein, genistein, or the combination modulates bone development in female CD-1 mice.
Kaludjerovic J, Ward WE.
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5S 3E2.

Mol Nutr Food Res. 2009 Jan 20.
Ileal and faecal digestibility of daidzein and genistein and plasma bioavailability of these isoflavones and their bioactive metabolites in the ovariectomised rat.
Poulsen RC, Loots DT, Moughan PJ, Kruger MC.
Institute of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand. Fax: +64-6-350-5446.

Food Chem Toxicol. 2009 Mar;47(3):625-32.
Soy isoflavones attenuate oxidative stress and improve parameters related to aging and Alzheimer's disease in C57BL/6J mice treated with D-galactose.
Hsieh HM, Wu WM, Hu ML.
Department of Nutritional Science, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan.
d-galactose (DG)-induced aging in C57BL/6J (B6) mice (3-4 mo) was used to examine the effects of soy isoflavones (SIF).
Overall, this DG-mimetic aging study shows that SIF effectively attenuate oxidative damage and improve parameters related to aging and Alzheimer's disease.

J Nutr. 2009 Mar;139(3):474-81.
Soy isoflavones modulate azoxymethane-induced rat colon carcinogenesis exposed pre- and postnatally and inhibit growth of DLD-1 human colon adenocarcinoma cells by increasing the expression of estrogen receptor-beta.
Raju J, Bielecki A, Caldwell D, Lok E, Taylor M, Kapal K, Curran I, Cooke GM, Bird RP, Mehta R.
Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety, Food Directorate, Health Canada, K1A 0L2 Ottawa, Ontario. jayadev_raju@hc-sc.gc.ca

Appl Environ Microbiol. 2009 Mar;75(6):1740-4.
Isolation of a human intestinal bacterium capable of daidzein and genistein conversion.
Matthies A, Blaut M, Braune A.
Department of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
A rod-shaped gram-positive anaerobic bacterium, strain HE8, was isolated from human feces. The isolate was able to convert the isoflavones daidzein and genistein to equol and 5-hydroxy-equol, respectively. Based on phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses, strain HE8 is described as a new species, Slackia isoflavoniconvertens.

Mol Nutr Food Res. 2009 Feb;53(2):191-200.
Traditional Japanese diet and prostate cancer.
Mori M, Masumori N, Fukuta F, Nagata Y, Sonoda T, Sakauchi F, Ohnishi H, Nojima M, Tsukamoto T.
Department of Urology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan. mitsurum@sapmed.ac.jp
In conclusion, although it is possible that the traditional Japanese diet may reduce the risk of PCa through a combination of characteristics such as being high in soybean products, high in fish, and low in red meat, further well-designed epidemiological studies such as nested case-control studies with nutritional analyses of blood samples are needed to confirm this association.

Eur J Nutr. 2009 Mar;48(2):84-91.
Effects of soy isoflavone consumption on bone structure and milk mineral concentration in a rat model of lactation-associated bone loss.
Peterson CA, Schnell JD, Kubas KL, Rottinghaus GE.
Dept. of Nutritional Sciences, University of Missouri, 217 Gwynn Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA. petersonca@missouri.edu

Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 Feb;89(2):577-83.
Prospective cohort study of soy food intake and colorectal cancer risk in women.
Yang G, Shu XO, Li H, Chow WH, Cai H, Zhang X, Gao YT, Zheng W.
Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203-1738, USA. gong.yang@vanderbilt.edu
This prospective study suggests that consumption of soy foods may reduce the risk of colorectal cancer in postmenopausal women.

Maturitas. 2009 Jan 20;62(1):42-6.
Morphological modification of female bladder after prolonged use of soy-based diets.
da Silva Faria T, Soares LL, Medeiros JL Jr, Boaventura GT, Sampaio FJ, da Fonte Ramos C.
Urogenital Research Unit-UERJ, Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. 28 de Setembro, 87-fundos-FCM-terreo, 20551-030 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
These findings call into question that, the prolonged use of soy-based diets can be deleterious to the bladder by altering the collagen/muscle ratio what can cause bladder dysfunctions similar with that occurring during menopause.

Mol Nutr Food Res. 2009 Feb;53(2):217-26.
Soy, isoflavones, and prostate cancer.
Jian L.
School of Public Health, Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University of Technology, Kent Street, Bentley 6102, Perth, Australia. l.jian@curtin.edu.au

Chem Biol Interact. 2009 Jan 15;177(1):7-11.
Equol induces apoptosis through cytochrome c-mediated caspases cascade in human breast cancer MDA-MB-453 cells.
Choi EJ, Ahn WS, Bae SM.
Cancer Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-040, Republic of Korea.

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2009 Feb;19(2):223-34.
Isoflavones in urine, saliva, and blood of infants: data from a pilot study on the estrogenic activity of soy formula.
Cao Y, Calafat AM, Doerge DR, Umbach DM, Bernbaum JC, Twaddle NC, Ye X, Rogan WJ.
Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
We did not find significant correlations between isoflavone concentrations and the levels of certain hormones in children fed soy formula. Our results, based on much larger numbers of infants, strongly confirm previous reports, but whether phytoestrogens in soy formula are biologically active in infants is still an open question.

Br J Nutr. 2009 Mar 9:1-9. [
Oligofructose and inulin modulate glucose and amino acid metabolism through propionate production in normal-weight and obese cats.
Verbrugghe A, Hesta M, Gommeren K, Daminet S, Wuyts B, Buyse J, Janssens GP.
Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Heidestraat 19, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
The effect of dietary oligofructose and inulin supplementation on glucose metabolism in obese and non-obese cats was assessed. Diets did not affect fasting plasma glucose concentrations, blood glucose response at each glucose time-point after glucose administration, AUCgluc, fasting serum insulin concentrations, area under the insulin curve, and height and appearance time of insulin response. Yet, analysis of acylcarnitines revealed higher propionylcarnitine concentrations (P = 0.03) when fed the prebiotic diet, suggesting colonic fermentation and propionate absorption. Prebiotic supplementation reduced methylmalonylcarnitine (P = 0.072) and aspartate aminotransferase concentrations (P = 0.025), both indicating reduced gluconeogenesis from amino acids. This trial evidenced impaired glucose tolerance and altered insulin response to glucose administration in obese compared to non-obese cats, regardless of dietary intervention; yet modulation of glucose metabolism by enhancing gluconeogenesis from propionate and inhibition of amino acid catabolism can be suggested.

Appl Environ Microbiol. 2009 Feb 27.
Coculture fermentations of Bifidobacterium species and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron reveal a mechanistic insight into the prebiotic effect of inulin-type fructans.
Falony G, Calmeyn T, Leroy F, De Vuyst L.
Research Group of Industrial Microbiology and Food Biotechnology, Department of Applied Biological Sciences and Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
These observations indicate that distinct subgroups within the large-intestinal Bifidobacterium population will be stimulated by different groups of prebiotic inulin-type fructans, a variation that could be reflected in differences concerning their health-promoting effects.

Br J Nutr. 2009 Feb 27:1-9.
Fermentation products of inulin-type fructans reduce proliferation and induce apoptosis in human colon tumour cells of different stages of carcinogenesis.
Munjal U, Glei M, Pool-Zobel BL, Scharlau D.
Department of Nutritional Toxicology, Institute for Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Dornburger Strasse 24, 07743Jena, Germany.

Clin Nutr. 2009 Feb 19.
A formula containing galacto- and fructo-oligosaccharides prevents intestinal and extra-intestinal infections: An observational study.
Bruzzese E, Volpicelli M, Squeglia V, Bruzzese D, Salvini F, Bisceglia M, Lionetti P, Cinquetti M, Iacono G, Amarri S, Guarino A.
Dipartimento di Pediatria, Universita di Napoli "Federico II", Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy.

J Appl Microbiol. 2009 Jan 15.
Selected nondigestible carbohydrates and prebiotics support the growth of probiotic fish bacteria mono-cultures in vitro.
Rurangwa E, Laranja JL, Van Houdt R, Delaedt Y, Geraylou Z, Van de Wiele T, Van Loo J, Van Craeyveld V, Courtin CM, Delcour JA, Ollevier F.
Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

Lett Appl Microbiol. 2009 Mar;48(3):362-7.
Influence of oligosaccharides on the growth and tolerance capacity of lactobacilli to simulated stress environment.
Pan X, Wu T, Zhang L, Cai L, Song Z.
Department of Chemistry, Chemistry and Bioengineering Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Prebiotic oligosaccharides, especially XOS and FOS added in medium have protection function to lactobacilli in stress environments. The protection function of oligosaccharides may correlate with the bacteria growth, which was stimulated by these oligosaccharides. Prebiotic oligosaccharides may be used as stabilizers in probiotic products.

J Dairy Res. 2009 Feb;76(1):98-104.
Synbiotic effect of Lactobacillus helveticus M92 and prebiotics on the intestinal microflora and immune system of mice.
Frece J, Kos B, Svetec IK, Zgaga Z, Beganovi? J, Lebos A, Suskovi? J.
Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Croatia. jgoreta@pbf.hr

Appl Environ Microbiol. 2009 Feb;75(4):1121-8.
Molecular ecological analysis of fecal bacterial populations from term infants fed formula supplemented with selected blends of prebiotics.
Nakamura N, Gaskins HR, Collier CT, Nava GM, Rai D, Petschow B, Russell WM, Harris C, Mackie RI, Wampler JL, Walker DC.
Division of Nutritional Sciences, Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1207 W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. nnakamur@illinois.edu

Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2009 Mar 1;29(5):508-18.
Clinical trial: the effects of a trans-galactooligosaccharide prebiotic on faecal microbiota and symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome.
Silk DB, Davis A, Vulevic J, Tzortzis G, Gibson GR.
Department of Academic Surgery, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK. David.Silk@nwlh.nhs.uk
The galactooligosaccharide acted as a prebiotic in specifically stimulating gut bifidobacteria in IBS patients and is effective in alleviating symptoms. These findings suggest that the prebiotic has potential as a therapeutic agent in IBS.

Br J Nutr. 2009 Feb;101(4):541-50.
Effect of inulin on the human gut microbiota: stimulation of Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii.
Ramirez-Farias C, Slezak K, Fuller Z, Duncan A, Holtrop G, Louis P.
Microbial Ecology Group, Gut Health Division, Rowett Research Institute, Greenburn Road, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, UK.
Gram-positive species Faecalibacterium prausnitzii exhibited a significant increase (10.3% for control period v. 14.5% during inulin intake, P=0.019). Between three and five Bifidobacterium spp. were found in each volunteer. Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Bifidobacterium longum were present in all volunteers, and Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium animalis, Bifidobacterium bifidum and Bifidobacterium dentium were also detected. Real-time PCR was employed to quantify the four most prevalent Bifidobacterium spp., B. adolescentis, B. longum, B. pseudocatenulatum and B. bifidum, in ten volunteers carrying detectable levels of bifidobacteria. B. adolescentis showed the strongest response to inulin consumption, increasing from 0.89 to 3.9% of the total microbiota (P=0.001). B. bifidum was increased from 0.22 to 0.63% (P<0.001) for the five volunteers for whom this species was present.

Alcohol. 2009 Mar;43(2):163-72.
Lactobacillus GG treatment ameliorates alcohol-induced intestinal oxidative stress, gut leakiness, and liver injury in a rat model of alcoholic steatohepatitis.
Forsyth CB, Farhadi A, Jakate SM, Tang Y, Shaikh M, Keshavarzian A.
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, and Rush University Medical Center, 1725 W. Harrison, Suite 206, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.

Menopause Int. 2009 Mar;15(1):35-40.
Health benefits of probiotics and prebiotics in women.
de Vrese M.
Senior Nutrition Research Fellow, Institut fur Physiologie und Biochemie der Ernahrung (PBE), Max Rubner Institut, Hermann-Weigman-Strasse 1, D-24103 Kiel, Germany. Michael.devrese@mri.bund.de.

J Dig Dis. 2009 Feb;10(1):49-54.
Modulation of cytokine gene expression in spleen and Peyer's patches by feeding dahi containing probiotic Lactobacillus casei in mice.
Jain S, Yadav H, Sinha PR, Marotta F.
Animal Biochemistry Division, National Diary Research Institute, Haryana, India.
It is concluded that feeding probiotic dahi enhanced the expression of Th1 type cytokines (IFN-gamma and IL-2), especially in the mucosal immune organ (Peyer's patches) rather than in systemic organs (the spleen). This indicates that feeding with probiotic dahi may strengthen the host immune system and protect against the progression of various immune-mediated diseases.

Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2009 Feb 23.
Bifidobacterium animalis causes extensive duodenitis and mild colonic inflammation in monoassociated interleukin-10-deficient mice.
Moran JP, Walter J, Tannock GW, Tonkonogy SL, Sartor RB.
Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
B. animalis, a traditional probiotic species that is expanded in experimental colitis in this model, induces marked duodenal and mild colonic inflammation and TH1/TH17 immune responses when introduced alone into GF IL-10-/- mice. This suggests a potential pathogenic role for this commensal bacterial species in a susceptible host.(Inflamm Bowel Dis 2009).

Age (Dordr). 2009 Mar;31(1):59-66.
Probiotics modulate the Bifidobacterium microbiota of elderly nursing home residents.
Lahtinen SJ, Tammela L, Korpela J, Parhiala R, Ahokoski H, Mykkanen H, Salminen SJ.
Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland.
Probiotic intervention increased the levels bifidobacteria significantly. Specifically, the levels of B. catenulatum, B. bifidum and B. breve were enhanced. Consumption of the fermented oat drink itself was also associated with certain changes in microbiota. In conclusion, Bifidobacterium microbiota of elderly subjects may be modulated by probiotic administration. In some healthy elderly populations, Bifidobacterium microbiota may be more abundant and diverse than previously suggested.

J Dairy Sci. 2009 Mar;92(3):870-86.s
Temporal gene expression and probiotic attributes of Lactobacillus acidophilus during growth in milk.
Azcarate-Peril MA, Tallon R, Klaenhammer TR.
Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, and Southeast Dairy Foods Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.

Ann Nutr Metab. 2009 Feb 20;54(1):22-27.
Cholesterol-Lowering Effect of Probiotic Yogurt in Comparison with Ordinary Yogurt in Mildly to Moderately Hypercholesterolemic Subjects.
Ataie-Jafari A, Larijani B, Alavi Majd H, Tahbaz F.
Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Teheran, Iran.
Yogurt containing two probiotic bacteria strains, L. acidophilus and B. lactis, had a cholesterol-lowering effect in hypercholesterolemic subjects. Copyright c 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Clin Nutr. 2009 Feb 13.
Effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus on gut microflora metabolic biomarkers in fed and fasted rats.
Mountzouris KC, Kotzampassi K, Tsirtsikos P, Kapoutzis K, Fegeros K.
Department of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Faculty of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece.
The results indicate a health beneficial potential of L. acidophilus in fasted and re-fed nutritional states via reduction of harmful azoreductase and CGH activities and promotion of useful VFA components for colonic function and health.

Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2009 Feb 12;149(3):219-230.
Probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 Suppresses Allergen-Induced Th2 Responses in the Airways.
Bickert T, Trujillo-Vargas CM, Duechs M, Wohlleben G, Polte T, Hansen G, Oelschlaeger TA, Erb KJ.
Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Wurzburg, Wurzburg, Germany.

Poult Sci. 2009 Mar;88(3):519-25.
Synergy of Astragalus polysaccharides and probiotics (Lactobacillus and Bacillus cereus) on immunity and intestinal microbiota in chicks.
Li SP, Zhao XJ, Wang JY.
College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China, 712100;
The results showed that probiotics combined with APS administration in feed displayed synergistic modulation effects on immunity and intestinal microbiota, which is very important for the exploration of new prebiotics.

Microbiology. 2009 Feb;155(Pt 2):338-46.
Phagocytosis, germination and killing of Bacillus subtilis spores presenting heterologous antigens in human macrophages.
Ceragioli M, Cangiano G, Esin S, Ghelardi E, Ricca E, Senesi S.
Dipartimento di Biologia, Universita di Pisa, via San Zeno 35-39, 56127 Pisa, Italy.

Z Gastroenterol. 2009 Feb;47(2):209-14.
Randomized Controlled Treatment Trial of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with a Probiotic E.-coli Preparation (DSM17252) Compared to Placebo.
Enck P, Zimmermann K, Menke G, Klosterhalfen S.
Internal Medicine VI, University Medical Hospital, Tubingen.
Treatment of IBS with the probiotic Symbioflor-2 is effective and superior to placebo in reducing typical symptoms of IBS patients seen by general practitioners and by gastroenterologists.

Eur J Orthod. 2009 Feb 4.
Reduction of salivary mutans streptococci in orthodontic patients during daily consumption of yoghurt containing probiotic bacteria.
Cildir SK, Germec D, Sandalli N, Ozdemir FI, Arun T, Twetman S, Caglar E.
Department of Paediatric Dentistry.

Lett Appl Microbiol. 2009 Mar;48(3):368-72.
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG inhibits invasion of cultured human respiratory cells by prtF1-positive macrolide-resistant group A streptococci.
Princivalli MS, Paoletti C, Magi G, Palmieri C, Ferrante L, Facinelli B.
Institute of Microbiology and Biomedical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Medical School, Ancona, Italy.
Lactobacillus GG exerts an antagonistic action against GAS by inhibiting cell invasion. Competitive binding of Lactobacillus GG and GAS to Fn might be involved in the inhibition process. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The finding that Lactobacillus GG can prevent in vitro invasion of respiratory cells by GAS suggests new applications for this probiotic strain and warrants further studies of its capacity to prevent GAS throat infections.

J Dairy Sci. 2009 Mar;92(3):1038-49.
Sodium-butyrate as a growth promoter in milk replacer formula for young calves.
Guilloteau P, Zabielski R, David JC, Blum JW, Morisset JA, Biernat M, Wolinski J, Laubitz D, Hamon Y.
INRA, UMR 1079, Systeme d'Elevage, Nutrition Animale et Humaine, Domaine de la Prise, Saint-Gilles, France. Paul.Guilloteau@rennes.inra.fr
In milk-fed calves, the effects of sodium-butyrate (Na-butyrate) to replace flavomycin on growth performance and some mechanisms involved were studied.
Supplementation with Na-butyrate was likely associated with an improvement in efficacy of the gastrointestinal tract digestive capacities expressed by enhanced production of digestive enzymes and increased absorptive capacities in the upper small intestine. The effects could have been controlled by insulin-like growth factor-1 but probably not by any of the cholecystokinin/gastrin peptide family. Concentrations of HSP27 and HSP70 were increased in stomach and colon of calves receiving Na-butyrate, thereby assuring protection of cells with intensive metabolism (chaperone function). In conclusion, beneficial effects of Na-butyrate on maturation of gastrointestinal functions were shown in milk-fed calves and may be applied to young mammals of other species.

Anaerobe. 2009 Feb 20.
Short-chain fatty acids and polyamines in the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis: Kinetics aspects in gnotobiotic quails.
Waligora-Dupriet AJ, Dugay A, Auzeil N, Nicolis I, Rabot S, Huerre MR, Butel MJ.
EA4065, Microbiologie, Faculte des sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques, Universite Paris Descartes, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France.
These results show the major role of butyric acid produced by commensal bacteria in the onset of the digestive lesions.

Acta Paediatr. 2009 Jan 27.
Faecal short chain fatty acid pattern and allergy in early childhood.
Sandin A, Braback L, Norin E, Bjorksten B.
Department of Clinical Science, Pediatrics, Umea University, Umea, Sweden.
Faecal acetic (p < 0.01) and propionic (p < 0.01) acids decreased from one to four years of age, while valeric acid (p < 0.001) increased. Low levels of i-butyric (p = 0.01), i-valeric (p = 0.03) and valeric acids (p = 0.02) at one year were associated with questionnaire-reported symptoms of food allergy at four years. Positive SPTs and allergic symptoms at four years were associated with low faecal levels of i-butyric, i-valeric and valeric acids. At one year of age, infants with, as compared to without older siblings had higher median levels of valeric acid. A slow functional maturation of the gut microflora, as measured by faecal levels of SCFAs is associated with allergy both at one and four years. The findings lend further support to an association between allergy and the development of microbial diversity.

Clin Nutr. 2009 Feb;28(1):88-93.
Butyrate modulates oxidative stress in the colonic mucosa of healthy humans.
Hamer HM, Jonkers DM, Bast A, Vanhoutvin SA, Fischer MA, Kodde A, Troost FJ, Venema K, Brummer RJ.
TI Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands. h.hamer@intmed.unimaas.nl
Butyrate treatment resulted in significantly higher GSH (p<0.05) and lower uric acid (p<0.01) concentrations compared to placebo. Changes in GSH and uric acid were accompanied by increased and decreased expression, respectively, of their rate limiting enzymes determined by RT-PCR. No significant differences were found in other parameters. This study demonstrated that butyrate is able to beneficially affect oxidative stress in the healthy human colon.

Regul Pept. 2009 Feb 25;153(1-3):30-6.
Short-chain fatty acid signaling pathways in bovine mammary epithelial cells.
Yonezawa T, Haga S, Kobayashi Y, Katoh K, Obara Y.
Department of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Amamiyamachi, Sendai 981-8555, Japan.

J Cell Physiol. 2009 Mar;218(3):638-42.
Butyrate and vitamin D3 induce transcriptional attenuation at the cyclin D1 locus in colonic carcinoma cells.
Maier S, Daroqui MC, Scherer S, Roepcke S, Velcich A, Shenoy SM, Singer RH, Augenlicht LH.
Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10467, USA.

J Anim Sci. 2009 Feb;87(2):583-93.
Influence of source and concentrations of dietary fiber on in vivo nitrogen excretion pathways in pigs as reflected by in vitro fermentation and nitrogen incorporation by fecal bacteria.
Bindelle J, Buldgen A, Delacollette M, Wavreille J, Agneessens R, Destain JP, Leterme P.
Gembloux Agricultural University, Animal Science Unit, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium.

Leuk Res. 2009 Feb;33(2):218-21.
Sodium butyrate enhances the cytotoxic effect of antineoplastic drugs in human lymphoblastic T-cells.
dos Santos MP, Schwartsmann G, Roesler R, Brunetto AL, Abujamra AL.
Cancer Research Laboratory, Academic Hospital Research Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-903 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Sodium butyrate is a promising adjuvant therapeutic agent for the treatment of lymphoblastic leukemias, and provides a basis for further studies in this field.

Dig Dis Sci. 2009 Feb;54(2):238-45.
Inhibitory effects of short-chain fatty acids on matrix metalloproteinase secretion from human colonic subepithelial myofibroblasts.
Kawamura T, Andoh A, Nishida A, Shioya M, Yagi Y, Nishimura T, Hashimoto T, Tsujikawa T, Yasui H, Fujiyama Y.
Department of Internal Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tukinowa, Otsu, 520-2192, Japan.
Acetate had no effect on matrix metalloproteinase MMP secretion. Propionate and butyrate significantly attenuated IL-1 beta- and TNF-alpha-induced MMP-1 and MMP-3 secretion. Similar responses were also observed at the mRNA levels. Propionate and butyrate did not modulate IL-1 beta- and TNF-alpha-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), which play a crucial role in MMP induction. Trichostatin A, a histone-deacetylase inhibitor, reduced IL-1 beta-induced MMP-1 and MMP-3 mRNA expression, and suppressed TNF-alpha-induced MMP-3 mRNA expression. SCFAs play an anti-inflammatory role through suppression of MMP secretion in the colon. Inhibitory effects of SCFAs on MMP secretion might be associated with their action of histone hyperacetylation.