2009”N‚VŒŽ

Nutrition. 2009 Jul 21.
Improvement of constipation and liver function by plant-derived lactic acid bacteria: A double-blind, randomized trial.
Higashikawa F, Noda M, Awaya T, Nomura K, Oku H, Sugiyama M.
Department of Molecular Nutrition Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
Drastic and constant increments of defecation frequency in subjects with constipation were observed with type A and B yogurts but not with type C yogurt. Type B and C yogurts resulted in decreases in total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The serum concentrations of liver functional parameters were improved by the type B yogurt (12-25% reduction). The present study suggests that Lb. plantarum SN13T exhibits a superior probiotic effect on constipation in addition to improving the serum lipid contents and liver function.

J Agric Food Chem. 2009 Jul 22;57(14):6101-6.
Biotransformation of sesaminol triglucoside to mammalian lignans by intestinal microbiota.
Jan KC, Hwang LS, Ho CT.
Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.

Bioresour Technol. 2009 Aug;100(15):3745-50.
Investigation of the microbial community structure and activity as indicators of compost stability and composting process evolution.
Chroni C, Kyriacou A, Manios T, Lasaridi KE.
Department of Geography, Harokopio University, El. Venizelou, 176 71, Kallithea, Athens, Greece.

Ann Nutr Metab. 2009 Jul 27;54(4):253-257.
Characterization of Bacteria, Clostridia and Bacteroides in Faeces of Vegetarians Using qPCR and PCR-DGGE Fingerprinting.
Liszt K, Zwielehner J, Handschur M, Hippe B, Thaler R, Haslberger AG.
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Vegetarians had a 12% higher abundance of bacterial DNA than omnivores, a tendency for less Clostridium cluster IV (31.86 +/- 17.00%; 36.64 +/- 14.22%) and higher abundance of Bacteroides (23.93 +/- 10.35%; 21.26 +/- 8.05%), which were not significant due to high interindividual variations. PCA suggested a grouping of bacteria and members of Clostridium cluster IV. Two bands appeared significantly more frequently in omnivores than in vegetarians (p < 0.005 and p < 0.022). One was identified as Faecalibacterium sp. and the other was 97.9% similar to the uncultured gut bacteriumDQ793301. A vegetarian diet affects the intestinal microbiota, especially by decreasing the amount and changing the diversity of Clostridium cluster IV. It remains to be determined how these shifts might affect the host metabolism and disease risks. Copyright c 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2009 Aug;11(4):307-13.
The microbiome and obesity: is obesity linked to our gut flora?
Tsai F, Coyle WJ.
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Scripps Clinic Torrey Pines, 10666 North Torrey Pines Road, N203, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. tsai.franklin@scrippshealth.org
Metagenomic studies demonstrated that certain mixes of gut microbiota may protect or predispose the host to obesity. Furthermore, microbiota transplantation studies in germ-free murine models showed that the efficient energy extraction traits of obese-type gut flora are transmissible. The proposed methods by which the microbiome may contribute to obesity include increasing dietary energy harvest, promoting fat deposition, and triggering systemic inflammation. Future treatments for obesity may involve modulation of
gut microbiota using probiotics or prebiotics.

Gynecol Endocrinol. 2009 Jul 7:1-27.
Isoflavones are safe compounds for therapeutical applications - Evaluation of in vitro data.
Reiter E, Beck V, Medjakovic S, Jungbauer A.
Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Isoflavone-rich food and food supplements have gained increasing popularity also in the Western world. Their weak estrogenic effect has been considered as a potential risk, although all epidemiological studies and clinical trials show a significant cancer protection and decreased risk of cardiovascular diseases. In vitro data suggest that the concerted action of the isoflavones and their metabolites show antiproliferative behaviour, reduce angiogenesis, reduce tumor progression and exert antiinflammatory effects. For the evaluation of the biological effects, special emphasis has to be put on the concerted action between the isoflavones and their metabolites. For instance, while isolated genistein shows some growth promoting effect at low concentrations, the metabolite equol or soy extract show growth retardation as well as higher concentrations of genistein do. The isoflavones have multiple affinities to other members of the steroid hormone receptor superfamily. The beneficial effect on metabolic diseases and weight reduction by isoflavone consumption can be partly explained by its affinity for the PPAR family. In light of the in vitro experiments, together with the epidemiological observations and the clinical experience, isoflavones can be considered as safe compounds and their consumption as food and food supplements has to be promoted.

Chem Biol Interact. 2009 Jul 15;180(2):143-50.
Genistein enhances TRAIL-induced apoptosis through inhibition of p38 MAPK signaling in human hepatocellular carcinoma Hep3B cells.
Jin CY, Park C, Kim GY, Lee SJ, Kim WJ, Choi YH.
Department of Biomaterial Control, Dongeui University Graduate School, Dongeui University College of Oriental Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea.

Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2009 Aug;116(3):587-94.
Daidzein-metabolizing phenotypes in relation to mammographic breast density among premenopausal women in the United States.
Atkinson C, Newton KM, Aiello Bowles EJ, Lehman CD, Stanczyk FZ, Westerlind KC, Li L, Lampe JW.
Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA, charlotte.atkinson@bristol.ac.uk

J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2009 Jul 28.
Pro- and Prebiotic Supplementation Induces a Transient Reduction in Hemoglobin Concentration in Infants.
Kuitunen M, Kukkonen K, Savilahti E.
Skin and Allergy Hospital, Finland daggerHospital for Children and Adolescents, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
Probiotics cause a gut mucosal inflammation with decreased Hb values during intervention, corrected after halting the supplementation.

Gut. 2009 Aug;58(8):1091-103.
Changes in gut microbiota control inflammation in obese mice through a mechanism involving GLP-2-driven improvement of gut permeability.
Cani PD, Possemiers S, Van de Wiele T, Guiot Y, Everard A, Rottier O, Geurts L, Naslain D, Neyrinck A, Lambert DM, Muccioli GG, Delzenne NM.
Unit of Pharmacokinetics, Metabolism, Nutrition and Toxicology, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Universite catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium. patrice.cani@uclouvain.be
We found that a selective gut microbiota change controls and increases endogenous GLP-2 production, and consequently improves gut barrier functions by a GLP-2-dependent mechanism, contributing to the improvement of gut barrier functions during obesity and diabetes.

Anaerobe. 2009 Jul 25.
Safety evaluation of probiotic bifidobacteria by analysis of mucin degradation activity and translocation ability.
Abe F, Muto M, Yaeshima T, Iwatsuki K, Aihara H, Ohashi Y, Fujisawa T.
Food Science & Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Kanagawa Prefecture 228-8583, Japan.

Exp Dermatol. 2009 Jul 14.
Bifidobacterium longum lysate, a new ingredient for reactive skin.
Gueniche A, Bastien P, Ovigne JM, Kermici M, Courchay G, Chevalier V, Breton L, Castiel-Higounenc I.
L'Oreal Research, Clichy Cedex, France.
These findings suggest that new approaches, based on a bacteria lysate, could be developed for the treatment and/or prevention of symptoms related to reactive skin.

J Chemother. 2009 Aug;21(4):371-7.
Should Lactobacillus sporogenes and Bacillus coagulans have a future?
Drago L, De Vecchi E.
Laboratory of Clinical Che,istry, IRCCS Galeazzi Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy. lorenzo.drago@unimi.it
This review summarizes the salient probiotic features of L. sporogenes /B. coagulans by examining currently available information. Although the use of L. sporogenes spores as a probiotic has increased in recent years, clinical evidence of its benefits are limited to only a few studies involving small patient populations.

Br J Nutr. 2009 Jul 22:1-9.
Fermented milk containing Bifidobacterium lactis DN-173 010 improves gastrointestinal well-being and digestive symptoms in women reporting minor digestive symptoms: a randomised, double-blind, parallel, controlled study.
Guyonnet D, Schlumberger A, Mhamdi L, Jakob S, Chassany O.
Danone Research, Palaiseau, France.

Vaccine. 2009 Jul 15.
A probiotic fermented dairy drink improves antibody response to influenza vaccination in the elderly in two randomised controlled trials.
Boge T, Remigy M, Vaudaine S, Tanguy J, Bourdet-Sicard R, van der Werf S.
Maison de Retraite Sainte Famille, Avenue Louis Jourdan, 01270 Bourg en Bresse, France.
In the pilot study, the influenza-specific antibody titres increased after vaccination, being consistently higher in the probiotic product group compared to the control group under product consumption. Similarly, in the confirmatory study, titres against the B strain increased significantly more in the probiotic group than in the control group at 3, 6 and 9 weeks post-vaccination under product consumption (p=0.020). Significant differences in seroconversion between the groups by intended to treat analysis were still found 5 months after vaccination. Similar GMT results were observed for the H3N2 strain and H1N1, confirming the results of the pilot study. These studies demonstrate that daily consumption of this particular probiotic product increased relevant specific antibody responses to influenza vaccination in individuals of over 70 years of age and may therefore provide a health benefit in this population.

Arch Microbiol. 2009 Aug;191(8):623-30.
Comparative study of Bifidobacterium animalis, Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus casei and Saccharomyces boulardii probiotic properties.
Martins FS, Silva AA, Vieira AT, Barbosa FH, Arantes RM, Teixeira MM, Nicoli JR.
Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, C.P. 486, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30161-970, Brazil.
In conclusion, for a probiotic use, S. boulardii presented better characteristics in terms of immunomodulation, and B. animalis and L. casei for antagonistic substance production. The knowledge of the different probiotic properties could be used to choice the better microorganism depending on the therapeutic or prophylactic application.

Pediatr Res. 2009 Aug;66(2):203-7.
Live and heat-killed Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG: effects on proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines in gastrostomy-fed infant rats.
Li N, Russell WM, Douglas-escobar M, Hauser N, Lopez M, Neu J.
Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA.

Med Hypotheses. 2009 Aug;73(2):194-8.
Lactobacillus and bifidobacteria combinations: a strategy to reduce hospital-acquired Clostridium difficile diarrhea incidence and mortality.
Graul T, Cain AM, Karpa KD.
American Board Certified Clin-Path Associates, PC, 1255 West Washington Street, Tempe, AZ 85281-1201, USA.

Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2009 Aug;15(8):1155-63.
Lactobacillus fermentum CECT 5716 prevents and reverts intestinal damage on TNBS-induced colitis in mice.
Mane J, Loren V, Pedrosa E, Ojanguren I, Xaus J, Cabre E, Domenech E, Gassull MA.
Research Institute Foundation in Health Sciences Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain.

J Feline Med Surg. 2009 Aug;11(8):650-4.
Pilot study to evaluate the effect of oral supplementation of Enterococcus faecium SF68 on cats with latent feline herpesvirus 1.
Lappin MR, Veir JK, Satyaraj E, Czarnecki-Maulden G.
College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, 300 West Drake Road, Ft Collins, CO 80523, United States.

Nutrition. 2009 Jul 18.
In vitro studies on the inhibition of colon cancer by butyrate and carnitine.
Roy MJ, Dionne S, Marx G, Qureshi I, Sarma D, Levy E, Seidman EG.
Research Center, Sainte Justine Hospital, Department of Nutrition, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Butyrate and carnitine inhibit human colon carcinoma cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in human colon carcinoma cells. This is accompanied by an appreciable alteration of the Bax-to-Bcl-x(L) and Bak-to-Bcl-x(L) ratios in favor of apoptosis. This study provides a scientific rationale to study the effects of carnitine and butyrate in colon cancer in vivo.

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Jul 7;106(27):11276-81.
Regulation of myocardial ketone body metabolism by the gut microbiota during nutrient deprivation.
Crawford PA, Crowley JR, Sambandam N, Muegge BD, Costello EK, Hamady M, Knight R, Gordon JI.
Center for Genome Sciences and Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA. pcrawfor@dom.wustl.edu

FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 2009 Aug;69(2):231-42.
Comparison of prebiotic effects of arabinoxylan oligosaccharides and inulin in a simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem.
Grootaert C, Van den Abbeele P, Marzorati M, Broekaert WF, Courtin CM, Delcour JA, Verstraete W, Van de Wiele T.
Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Universiteit Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.

Anaerobe. 2009 Aug;15(4):138-44.
Short-chain fatty acids and polyamines in the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis: Kinetics aspects in gnotobiotic quails.
Waligora-Dupriet AJ, Dugay A, Auzeil N, Nicolis I, Rabot S, Huerre MR, Butel MJ.
EA4065, Microbiologie, Faculte des sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques, Universite Paris Descartes, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France.
Despite years of investigation, pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains elusive. Bacterial metabolites were implicated by several authors but their roles remain controversial. The main histological characteristics were infiltrates of mononuclear cells, then heterophilic cells, then gas cyst and necrosis. The first event observed, before histological and macroscopical lesions, is a high production of butyric acid, which precedes an increase of iNOS gene expression. No difference in polyamines contents depending on the diet was observed. These results show the major role of butyric acid produced by commensal bacteria in the onset of the digestive lesions.

Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2009 Aug;58(8):1275-85.
Sodium butyrate upregulates expression of NKG2D ligand MICA/B in HeLa and HepG2 cell lines and increases their susceptibility to NK lysis.
Zhang C, Wang Y, Zhou Z, Zhang J, Tian Z.
Institute of Immunopharmacology and Immunotherapy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua West Road, Jinan, China. caizhangsd@sdu.edu.cn