2008.3-4ŒŽ

Pediatr Surg Int. 2008 Apr 29
Botulinum toxin for the treatment of chronic constipation in children with internal anal sphincter dysfunction.
Irani K, Rodriguez L, Doody DP, Goldstein AM.
Department of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatric Intestinal Rehabilitation Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Warren 1153, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
Internal anal sphincter (IAS) dysfunction is a cause of refractory constipation in children. All patients underwent botox injection into the IAS and were followed for a minimum of 6 months. Of 24 patients, 22 experienced significant improvement in their constipation lasting greater than 2 weeks. Intrasphincteric injection of botox is a safe and effective treatment for intractable constipation in children with IAS dysfunction.

Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2008 May;27(10):988-93.
Effects of therapeutic doses of lactulose vs. polyethylene glycol on isotopic colonic transit.
Jouet P, Sabate JM, Flourie B, Cuillerier E, Gambini D, Lemann M, Jian R, Coffin B.
AP-HP, Hopital Louis Mourier, Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Colombes CEDEX, France. pauline.jouet@lmr.aphp.fr

Lett Appl Microbiol. 2008 May;46(5):575-80.
Effect of Aloe vera whole leaf extract on short chain fatty acids production by Bacteroides fragilis, Bifidobacterium infantis and Eubacterium limosum.
Pogribna M, Freeman JP, Paine D, Boudreau MD.
Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
In pure bacteria cultures, a significantly enhanced dose response to Aloe vera supplementation was observed in the production of acetic acid by B. infantis at 24 h and of butyric acid by E. limosum at 24 and 48 h. In the mixed bacterial culture, the production of propionic acid was reduced significantly at 24 and 48 h in a dose-dependent fashion, whereas butyric acid production showed a significant linear increase.

Nutrition. 2008 Apr;24(4):366-74.
Histone-deacetylase inhibition and butyrate formation: Fecal slurry incubations with apple pectin and apple juice extracts.
Waldecker M, Kautenburger T, Daumann H, Veeriah S, Will F, Dietrich H, Pool-Zobel BL, Schrenk D.
Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany.
FSs from fermentations with pectin were rich in butyrate and very active in HDAC inhibition in nuclear extracts prepared from the colon tumor cell lines HT-29 and Caco-2 and in intact HeLa Mad 38 cells bearing a reporter gene driven by HDAC inhibition. The butyrate levels explained most of the HDAC-inhibitory potency in FSs from pectin-rich fermentations. FSs from fermentations with AJEs showed lower butyrate yields but comparable HDAC inhibition. Combined incubations of pectin with AJEs led to effects similar to those with FSs from incubations with pectin as the only substrate added.

Nutrition. 2008 Apr;24(4):348-59.
Autoantibodies against appetite-regulating peptide hormones and neuropeptides: putative modulation by gut microflora.
Fetissov SO, Hamze Sinno M, Coeffier M, Bole-Feysot C, Ducrotte P, Hokfelt T, Dechelotte P.
Digestive System and Nutrition Laboratory (ADEN EA3234), Institute of Biomedical Research, Rouen University and Hospital, IFRMP23, Rouen, France. Serguei.Fetissov@univ-rouen.fr
Healthy humans and rats display autoantibodies directed against appetite-regulating peptide hormones and neuropeptides, suggesting that these autoantibodies may have physiologic implications in hunger and satiety pathways. Gut-related antigens including the intestinal microflora may influence production of theses autoantibodies, suggesting a new link between the gut and appetite control.

Anaerobe. 2008 Apr;14(2):94-101.
Fecal microflora of Greek healthy neonates.
Mitsou EK, Kirtzalidou E, Oikonomou I, Liosis G, Kyriacou A.
Department of Dietetics and Nutritional Science, Harokopio University, 70 El.
Venizelou street, 17671 Kallithea, Athens, Greece.

Br J Nutr. 2008 Apr;99(4):782-92.
Flavanol monomer-induced changes to the human faecal microflora.
Tzounis X, Vulevic J, Kuhnle GG, George T, Leonczak J, Gibson GR, Kwik-Uribe C, Spencer JP.
Molecular Nutrition Group, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading RG2 6AP, UK.

Cell Host Microbe. 2008 Apr 17;3(4):213-23.
Diet-induced obesity is linked to marked but reversible alterations in the mouse distal gut microbiome.
Turnbaugh PJ, Backhed F, Fulton L, Gordon JI.

Int J Paediatr Dent. 2008 May;18(3):205-16.
Salivary microbiota of HIV-positive children and its correlation with HIV status, oral diseases, and total secretory IgA.
Silva-Boghossian C, Castro GF, Teles RP, De Souza IP, Colombo AP.
Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. carinabogho@hotmail.com

Mayo Clin Proc. 2008 Apr;83(4):460-9.
Gut microbiota and its possible relationship with obesity.
DiBaise JK, Zhang H, Crowell MD, Krajmalnik-Brown R, Decker GA, Rittmann BE.
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, 13400 E Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA. dibaise.john@mayo.edu
Recent evidence, primarily from investigations in animal models, suggests that the gut microbiota affects nutrient acquisition and energy regulation. Its composition has also been shown to differ in lean vs obese animals and humans. Furthermore, the gut bacterial flora of obese mice and humans include fewer Bacteroidetes and correspondingly more Firmicutes than that of their lean counterparts, suggesting that differences in caloric extraction of ingested food substances may be due to the composition of the gut microbiota. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide derived from the intestinal microbiota may act as a triggering factor linking inflammation to high-fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome. Interactions among microorganisms in the gut appear to have an important role in host energy homeostasis, with hydrogen-oxidizing methanogens enhancing the metabolism of fermentative bacteria.

J Appl Microbiol. 2008 May;104(5):1372-82.
Effects of zinc bacitracin, bird age and access to range on bacterial microbiota in the ileum and caeca of broiler chickens.
Gong J, Yu H, Liu T, Gill JJ, Chambers JR, Wheatcroft R, Sabour PM.
Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada. gongj@agr.gc.ca
Bacitracin, bird age and access to range all influenced bacterial microbiota in the ileum and caeca of broilers, with bird age having the greatest apparent effect. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Providing useful information for the development of antibiotic replacement therapy for poultry production.

Br J Nutr. 2008 Apr;99(4):773-81.
Influence of cooking duration of cabbage and presence of colonic microbiota on the excretion of N-acetylcysteine conjugates of allyl isothiocyanate and bioactivity of phase 2 enzymes in F344 rats.
Rungapamestry V, Rabot S, Fuller Z, Ratcliffe B, Duncan AJ.
School of Life Sciences, The Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK. v.rungapamestry@macaulay.ac.uk

J Food Sci. 2008 Apr;73(3):M158-65.
Effect of lactulose on biotransformation of isoflavone glycosides to aglycones in soymilk by lactobacilli.
Pham TT, Shah NP.
School of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Health, Engineering and Science, Victoria University, Werribee Campus, P.O. Box 14428, Melbourne, Victoria 8001, Australia.

Cancer Causes Control. 2008 Apr;19(3):259-72.
Dietary phytoestrogen intake-lignans and isoflavones-and breast cancer risk (Canada).
Cotterchio M, Boucher BA, Kreiger N, Mills CA, Thompson LU.
Division of Preventive Oncology, Cancer Care Ontario, 620 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5G 2L7, michelle.cotterchio@cancercare.on.ca.
Lignan intake may be associated with reduced breast cancer risk among pre-menopausal women, and our data suggest BMI modifies this association.

Int J Food Microbiol. 2008 Mar 31;123(1-2):166-70.
Evaluation of the prebiotic properties of wheat arabinoxylan fractions and induction of hydrolase activity in gut microflora.
Vardakou M, Palop CN, Christakopoulos P, Faulds CB, Gasson MA, Narbad A.
Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, NR4 7UA, Norwich, UK; Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 5 Iroon Polytechniou Str, Zografou Campus, 15 780, Athens, Greece.

Rejuvenation Res. 2008 Apr;11(2):425-32.
Immunosenescence and anti-immunosenescence therapies: the case of probiotics.
Candore G, Balistreri CR, Colonna-Romano G, Grimaldi MP, Lio D, Listi' F, Scola L, Vasto S, Caruso C.
Gruppo di Studio sull'Immunosenescenza, Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Metodologie Biomediche, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.

World J Gastroenterol. 2008 Apr 28;14(16):2511-6.
Anti-inflammatory activity of probiotic Bifidobacterium: Enhancement of IL-10 production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from ulcerative colitis patients and inhibition of IL-8 secretion in HT-29 cells.
Imaoka A, Shima T, Kato K, Mizuno S, Uehara T, Matsumoto S, Setoyama H, Hara T, Umesaki Y.
Yakult Central Institute for Microbiological Research, 1796 Yaho, Kunitachi, Tokyo 1868650, Japan. akemi-imaoka@yakult.co.jp.

Eur J Dermatol. 2008 Apr 21;18(2):136-140.
Prophylactic effect of oral administration of Lactobacillus johnsonii NCC533 (La1) during the weaning period on atopic dermatitis in NC/NgaTnd mice.
Tanaka A, Fukushima Y, Benyacoub J, Blum S, Matsuda H.
Laboratory of Veterinary Molecular Pathology and Therapeutics, Division of Animal Life Science, Graduate School, Institute of Symbiotic Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan. hiro@cc.tuat.ac.jp.
The results indicated that oral administration of La1 suppressed exacerbation of the clinical severity of dermatitis when compared to the controls. Scratching duration, which is the most important cause of skin damage, was also suppressed in mice fed with La1. La1 supplementation also suppressed epidermal hyperplasia and infiltration of inflammatory cells in skin. This study showed that exposure to La1 from the early stages might be beneficial to reduce the exacerbation of AD in children at high-risk of allergy.

Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2008 May;11(3):320-328.
Dietary approaches to the prevention of food allergy.
Heine RG, Tang ML.
Department of Allergy and Immunology, Royal Children?s Hospital, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne and Murdoch Children?s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.

World J Gastroenterol. 2008 Apr 7;14(13):2029-36.
Probiotic intervention has strain-specific anti-inflammatory effects in healthy adults.
Kekkonen RA, Lummela N, Karjalainen H, Latvala S, Tynkkynen S, Jarvenpaa S, Kautiainen H, Julkunen I, Vapaatalo H, Korpela R.
Institute of Biomedicine, Pharmacology, PO Box 63, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland. riitta.korpela@valio.fi.
Probiotic bacteria have strain-specific anti-inflammatory effects in healthy adults.

Gynecol Endocrinol. 2008 Apr;24(4):178-83.
Women's perception of the efficacy of a soy extract with probiotic: The M3 study.
Palacios S, Rojo IA, Cancelo MJ, Neyro JL, Castelo-Branco C.
Instituto Palacios de Salud y, Medicina de la Mujer, Madrid, Spain.
Peri- and postmenopausal patients usually experience common menopausal symptoms and many believe that soy extract improves their menopause symptoms. Physicians should be aware of patients' positive attitude to such products.

Pharmacotherapy. 2008 Apr;28(4):496-505.
Effectiveness of probiotics in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.
Wilhelm SM, Brubaker CM, Varcak EA, Kale-Pradhan PB.
1 Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Harper University Hospital, Detroit, Michigan.
Of 11 studies in which overall symptom relief was assessed, seven indicated a significant improvement with probiotics versus placebo. Five of eight investigations of abdominal pain and distention revealed a benefit with probiotic use. Four studies demonstrated an improvement in symptomatic flatulence in probiotic treatment groups, whereas one study showed no significant benefit. Four of five studies of the effects of probiotics on colonic transit time revealed a benefit compared with placebo. As probiotics have shown benefit and possess a favorable adverse-effect profile, their use may represent an option for symptom relief in patients with IBS. However, additional data are necessary before probiotics can become a standard of care in the treatment of IBS, a complex and chronic condition.

Poult Sci. 2008 Apr;87(4):606-11.
Investigating the effects of dietary probiotic feeding regimens on broiler chicken production and Campylobacter jejuni presence.
Willis WL, Reid L.
Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and State University, Greensboro 27411, USA. willisw@ncat.edu
From the present results, it was concluded that supplementation of DFM reduced the presence of C. jejuni but had no significant effect on the growth performance of broilers; however, there were some significant trends regarding sex, feed, and feeding methods on the performance results.

Exp Dermatol. 2008 May;17(5):427-35.
Non-pathogenic commensal Escherichia coli bacteria can inhibit degranulation of mast cells.
Magerl M, Lammel V, Siebenhaar F, Zuberbier T, Metz M, Maurer M.
Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charite- Universitatsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.
Our results show that high doses of non-pathogenic E. coli bacteria can function as a strong, direct inhibitor of MC degranulation. This suggests a possible basis for future antiallergic treatment or prophylaxis with commensal bacteria, i.e. probiotics.

J Appl Microbiol. 2008 Apr;104(4):1119-27.
In vitro evaluation of the probiotic properties of human intestinal Bifidobacterium species and selection of new probiotic candidates.
Delgado S, O'Sullivan E, Fitzgerald G, Mayo B.
Departamento de Microbiologia y Bioquimica, Instituto de Productos Lacteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Spain.
Based on these in vitro analyses, strains of Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Bifidobacterium longum and Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum are here proposed as new probiotic candidates. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Although in vivo analyses are still needed, these strains belonging to unusual species in the portfolio of probiotic suppliers are thought to be more appropriated than those currently in use, as they show desirable properties and are preponderant among human intestinal populations.

Mol Immunol. 2008 May;45(9):2690-9.
Lactobacillus casei suppresses experimental arthritis by down-regulating T helper 1 effector functions.
So JS, Kwon HK, Lee CG, Yi HJ, Park JA, Lim SY, Hwang KC, Jeon YH, Im SH.
Department of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 1 Oryong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea.

Dig Dis Sci. 2008 May;53(5):1252-6.
Restless legs syndrome in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: response to small intestinal bacterial overgrowth therapy.
Weinstock LB, Fern SE, Duntley SP.
Washington University School of Medicine, 11525 Olde Cabin Road, St. Louis, MO, 63141, USA, lw@gidoctor.net.
Since restless legs syndrome (RLS) occurs with fibromyalgia, a link between IBS, SIBO, and RLS was studied. IBS symptom improvement was assessed after rifaximin. Ten of 13 patients exhibited >/=80% improvement from baseline in RLS symptoms. Five maintained complete resolution of RLS symptoms. Global gastrointestinal symptom improvement was great (n = 6), moderate (n = 5), or mild (n = 2). Conclusion This study suggests that
SIBO associated with IBS may be a factor in some RLS patients and SIBO therapy provides long-term RLS improvement.

Br J Nutr. 2008 Apr;99(4):826-31.
Effect of prebiotic supplementation on a probiotic bacteria mixture: comparison between a rat model and clinical trials.
Tiihonen K, Suomalainen T, Tynkkynen S, Rautonen N.
Danisco Finland Oy, Sokeritehtaantie 20, FIN-02460 Kantvik, Finland. kirsti.tiihonen@danisco.com
In the human subjects variation in numbers of BIF and LAB were high. The GOSPRO group exhibited high counts of faecal LAB and BIF at the start and showed little or no effects of the interventions. In contrast, the PDX group had low faecal LAB and BIF numbers at the start and clearly increased cell numbers of BIF after the PDXPRO period, and LAB after the PRO and PDXPRO period, compared with the run-in period. We propose here that responses to pro- and prebiotics are dependent on baseline numbers of LAB and/or BIF, and that the conventional rat model does not predict well the treatment responses in humans. The survival of PRO was presumably enhanced by the use of prebiotic supplementation and advocates the use of particular combinations of pro- and prebiotics.

Neuropharmacology. 2008 May;54(6):901-11.
Intracerebroventricular injection of propionic acid, an enteric bacterial metabolic end-product, impairs social behavior in the rat: Implications for an animal model of autism.
Shultz SR, Macfabe DF, Ossenkopp KP, Scratch S, Whelan J, Taylor R, Cain DP.
The Kilee Patchell-Evans Autism Research Group, Department of Psychology and Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
Environmental, dietary, and gastrointestinal factors may contribute to autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Propionic acid (PPA) is a short chain fatty acid, a metabolic end-product of enteric bacteria in the gut, and a common food preservative. Recent evidence indicates that PPA can cause behavioral abnormalities and a neuroinflammatory response in rats. Social behavior was examined in similarly-treated pairs of adult male Long-Evans rats placed in an open field following intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of PPA (4mul of 0.26M solution) or control compounds. Behavior was analyzed using both the EthoVision behavior tracking system and by blind scoring of videotapes of social behaviors. Compared to controls, rats treated with PPA displayed social behavior impairments as indicated by significantly greater mean distance apart, reduced time spent in close proximity, reduced playful interaction, and altered responses to playful initiations. Treatment with another short chain fatty acid, sodium acetate, produced similar impairments, but treatment with the alcohol analog of PPA, 1-propanol, did not produce impairments. Immunohistochemical analysis of brain tissue taken from rats treated with PPA revealed reactive astrogliosis, indicating a neuroinflammatory response. These findings suggest that PPA can change both brain and behavior in the laboratory rat in a manner that is consistent with symptoms of human ASD.

J Pharmacol Sci. 2008 Mar;106(3):525-8.
Mouse organic anion transporter 2 (mOat2) mediates the transport of short chain fatty acid propionate.
Islam R, Anzai N, Ahmed N, Ellapan B, Jin CJ, Srivastava S, Miura D, Fukutomi T, Kanai Y, Endou H.
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Japan.
In this study, we have elucidated that propionate, one of the short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), is the transport substrate for murine organic anion transporter 2 (mOat2), which is expressed in the kidneys and the liver. When expressed in Xenopus oocytes, mOat2-mediated [(3)H]PGE(2) transport was inhibited by three- to five-carbon SCFAs (C3 to C5). Among the SCFAs tested, propionate (3-carbon SCFA) was transported by mOat2 in a time-dependent manner. Since propionate is a potent glucogenic compound, Oat2 may be involved in the regulation of cellular metabolism through the transport of these metabolites in the kidneys and the liver.

J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl). 2008 Apr;92(2):113-20.
Metabolic response of the gastrointestinal tract and serum parameters of rabbits to diets containing chicory flour rich in inulin.
Ju?kiewicz J, Asmanskaite L, Zdu?czyk Z, Matusevicius P, Wroblewska M, Zilinskiene A.
Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland.
The chicory preparation administered at a higher dose, lowered ileal pH and viscosity, and evoked increased hydration of ileal and caecal digesta, compared to the control treatment (p </= 0.05). The ChF(2.5) group was characterized by the highest increase in the bulk of digesta and concentration of protein in the caecum (p < 0.05 vs. control). The lowest colonic pH was found in the ChF(5) group (p </= 0.05 vs. control). Compared to the control group, both chicory treatments effectively (p </= 0.05) diminished the activity of the potentially harmful bacterial enzymes beta-glucosidase and beta-glucuronidase in the caecal and colonic digesta. The ChF(2.5) group was characterized by a significantly higher volatile fatty acids (VFA) pool size in the caecum, whereas rabbits fed the ChF(5)diet had the highest colonic VFA pool size (p </= 0.05 vs. control). The lowest level of triglycerides and total cholesterol, at concurrently the highest proportion of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) fraction in the HDL/total cholesterol profile, were recorded in the plasma of rabbits fed the ChF(5) diet.
PMID: 18336407 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

J Mol Histol. 2008 Apr;39(2):135-42.
Expression of the short-chain fatty acid receptor, GPR43, in the human colon.
Karaki S, Tazoe H, Hayashi H, Kashiwabara H, Tooyama K, Suzuki Y, Kuwahara A.
Laboratory of Physiology, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan.
The SCFA receptor, G-protein coupled receptor 43 (GPR43), is expressed by enteroendocrine and mucosal mast cells in the rat intestine. In the present study, expression and localization of GPR43 were investigated in the human large intestine. Gene and protein expression of GPR43 in the human ascending colon was analyzed by reverse transcriptase/polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, respectively. In addition, localization of GPR43 was investigated by immunohistochemistry. In RT-PCR analysis, GPR43 mRNA was detected in whole wall mRNA samples. Western blotting analysis revealed the expression of GPR43 protein in whole wall and scraped mucosa protein samples, but not in muscle or submucosa. GPR43 immunoreactivity was observed in the intracellularly in enterocytes and in the peptide YY-immunoreactive enteroendocrine cells. These results indicate that the short chain fatty acid receptor, GPR43 is expressed by enteroendocrine L cells containing peptide YY in the human large intestine.