2009”N‚RŒŽ


J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2009 Apr;48 Suppl 2:S56-7.
Changes in intestinal microflora in obesity: cause or consequence?
Backhed F.
Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research/Wallenberg
Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. Fredrik.Backhed@wlab.gu.se
Obesity and the associated metabolic disorders, such as diabetes and metabolic syndrome, have become major public health issues worldwide. Obesity results from a positive energy balance and is associated with decreased microbial diversity in the human gut with lower levels of Bacteroidetes. However, whether changes in the gut microbiota are a cause or consequence in obesity remains to be definitively proven. Experiments using germ-free mice have begun to reveal some mechanisms by which the gut microbiota may affect the development of obesity.

J Dermatol Sci. 2009 Apr;54(1):1-5.
Pre- and probiotics for human skin.
Krutmann J.
Institut fur Umweltmedizinische Forschung (IUF) at the Heinrich-Heine-University, Dusseldorf gGmbH, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, D-4025 Dusseldorf, Germany.
Current research on the complex interplay between the microbiota, the barrier function and the innate immune system of the skin indicates that the skin's microbiota have a beneficial role, much like that of the gut microflora. As a consequence, interest in strategies beyond antibiotica that allow a more selective modulation of the skin microflora is constantly growing. This review will briefly summarize our current understanding of the cutaneous microbiota and summarize existing information on pre- and probiotic strategies for skin.

Syst Appl Microbiol. 2009 May;32(3):193-200.
Molecular diversity of Bacteroides spp. in human fecal microbiota as determined by group-specific 16S rRNA gene clone library analysis.
Li M, Zhou H, Hua W, Wang B, Wang S, Zhao G, Li L, Zhao L, Pang X.
Laboratory of Molecular Microbial Ecology and Ecogenomics, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.

J Med Microbiol. 2009 Apr;58(Pt 4):509-16.
Molecular characterization of the stomach microbiota in patients with gastric cancer and in controls.
Dicksved J, Lindberg M, Rosenquist M, Enroth H, Jansson JK, Engstrand L.
1Department of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.

J Agric Food Chem. 2009 Mar 25;57(6):2211-20.
Effect of a low dose of dietary resveratrol on colon microbiota, inflammation and tissue damage in a DSS-induced colitis rat model.
Larrosa M, Yanez-Gascon MJ, Selma MV, Gonzalez-Sarrias A, Toti S, Ceron JJ, Tomas-Barberan F, Dolara P, Espin JC.
Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.

Clin Exp Allergy. 2009 Apr;39(4):518-26.
Altered early infant gut microbiota in children developing allergy up to 5 years of age.
Sjogren YM, Jenmalm MC, Bottcher MF, Bjorksten B, Sverremark-Ekstrom E.
Department of Immunology, The Wenner Gren Institute, Arrhenius Laboratory of Natural Sciences F5, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden. ylva.sjogren@imun.su.se
Children who developed allergy were significantly less often colonized with lactobacilli group I (Lactobacillus (L.) rhamnosus, L. casei, L. paracasei), Bifidobacterium adolescentis and C. difficile during their first 2 months. Infants colonized with several Bifidobacterium species had been exposed to higher amounts of endotoxin and grew up in larger families than infants harbouring few species. CONCLUSION: A more diverse gut microbiota early in life might prevent allergy development and may be related to the previously suggested inverse relationship between allergy, family size and endotoxin exposure.

Lett Appl Microbiol. 2009 Apr;48(4):433-9.
Novel 16S rRNA gene analyses reveal new in vitro effects of insoluble barley fibres on the human faecal microbiota.
Rudi K, Zimonja M, Aasen IM, Knutsen SH, Sahlstrom S.
Matforsk AS, Nofima Food, Osloveien, Norway. knut.rudi@nofima.no
Our novel analytical approaches revealed new enrichment patterns in the taxa that respond to insoluble DF. Our results may have major implications for future understanding of insoluble DF health effects.

Eur J Pharmacol. 2009 Apr 1;607(1-3):173-7.
Isoflavone genistein inhibits the angiotensin-converting enzyme and alters the vascular responses to angiotensin I and bradykinin.
Montenegro MF, Pessa LR, Tanus-Santos JE.
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
We found significant lower angiotensin-converting enzyme activity in plasma samples from rats pretreated with genistein compared with those found in the Control group (77.7+/-8.1 his-leu nmol/min/ml and 108.7+/-8.4 his-leu nmol/min/ml, respectively; P=0.01). The incubation of genistein with plasma samples showed that genistein decreased the angiotensin-converting enzyme activity in plasma in a concentration-dependent manner (P<0.01). These findings indicate that genistein inhibits the angiotensin-converting enzyme in vivo and in vitro and may explain, at least in part, the antihypertensive and beneficial vascular effects produced by genistein.

Int J Cancer. 2009 Apr 1;124(7):1644-9.
Isoflavone consumption and subsequent risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in a population-based prospective cohort of Japanese men and women.
Kurahashi N, Inoue M, Iwasaki M, Tanaka Y, Mizokami M, Tsugane S; JPHC Study Group.Collaborators (97)Tsugane S, Inoue M, Sobue T, Hanaoka T, Ogata J, Baba S, Mannami T, Okayama A, Miyakawa K, Saito F, Koizumi A, Sano Y, Hashimoto I, Ikuta T, Miyajima Y, Suzuki N, Nagasawa S, Furusugi Y, Nagai N, Sanada H, Hatayama Y, Kobayashi F, Uchino H, Shirai Y, Kondo T, Sasaki R, Watanabe Y, Miyagawa Y, Kishimoto Y, Takara E, Fukuyama T, Kinjo M, Irei M, Sakiyama H, Imoto K, Yazawa H, Seo T, Seiko A, Ito F, Shoji F, Murata A, Minato K, Motegi K, Fujieda T, Matsui K, Abe T, Katagiri M, Suzuki M, Doi M, Terao A, Ishikawa Y, Tagami T, Sueta H, Doi H, Urata M, Okamoto N, Ide F, Sakiyama H, Onga N, Takaesu H, Uehara M, Horii F, Asano I, Yamaguchi H, Aoki K, Maruyama S, Ichii M, Takano M, Matsushima S, Natsukawa S, Akabane M, Konishi M, Okada K, Saito I, Iso H, Honda Y, Yamagishi K, Sugimura H, Tsubono Y, Kabuto M, Tominaga S, Iida M, Ajiki W, Ioka A, Sato S, Yasuda N, Kono S, Suzuki K, Takashima Y, Maruyama E, Yamaguchi M, Matsumura Y, Sasaki S, Watanabe S, Kadowaki T, Kawaguchi Y, Shimizu H.
Epidemiology and Prevention Division, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan. nkurahas@ncc.go.jp
In women, genistein and daidzein were dose-dependently associated with an increased risk of HCC, with multivariable HRs for the highest versus lowest tertile of 3.19 (95%CI = 1.13-9.00, p(trend) = 0.03) and 3.90 (95% CI = 1.30-11.69, p(trend) = 0.01), respectively. No association between isoflavones and HCC was observed in men. These results persisted when analysis was restricted to subjects positive for either or both hepatitis C and B virus. In conclusion, isoflavone consumption may be associated with an increased risk of HCC in women. Women with hepatitis virus infection may be advised to abstain from isoflavone consumption. Further studies are warranted to confirm these findings.

Nutr Rev. 2009 Apr;67(4):188-205.
Health benefits of dietary fiber.
Anderson JW, Baird P, Davis RH Jr, Ferreri S, Knudtson M, Koraym A, Waters V, Williams CL.
Department of Internal Medicine and Nutritional Sciences Program, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40502, USA. jwandersmd@aol.com
Dietary fiber intake provides many health benefits. However, average fiber intakes for US children and adults are less than half of the recommended levels. Individuals with high intakes of dietary fiber appear to be at significantly lower risk for developing coronary heart disease, stroke, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and certain gastrointestinal diseases. Increasing fiber intake lowers blood pressure and serum cholesterol levels. Increased intake of soluble fiber improves glycemia and insulin sensitivity in non-diabetic and diabetic individuals. Fiber supplementation in obese individuals significantly enhances weight loss. Increased fiber intake benefits a number of gastrointestinal disorders including the following: gastroesophageal reflux disease, duodenal ulcer, diverticulitis, constipation, and hemorrhoids. Prebiotic fibers appear to enhance immune function. Dietary fiber intake provides similar benefits for children as for adults. The recommended dietary fiber intakes for children and adults are 14 g/1000 kcal. More effective communication and consumer education is required to enhance fiber consumption from foods or supplements.

Br J Nutr. 2009 Mar 31:1-7.
Tolerance and safety of Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei in combination with Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis in a prebiotic-containing infant formula: a randomised controlled trial.
Vlieger AM, Robroch A, van Buuren S, Kiers J, Rijkers G, Benninga MA, Te Biesebeke R.
Department of Paediatrics, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands.
Normal growth occurred in all infants and no statistically significant differences were detected between the probiotics group and the control group for gain in weight, length and head circumference. Infants in the probiotics group produced softer and more frequent stools during the first 3 months of life. No differences were found in crying and sleeping hours, number of parent-diagnosed infections, antibiotic use, visits to the general practitioner and number of adverse events. The use of a prebiotic-containing starter formula supplemented with L. paracasei ssp. paracasei and B. animalis ssp. lactis in early infancy is safe, well tolerated and has no adverse effects on growth and infant behaviour.

Br J Nutr. 2009 Mar 9:1-9.
Oligofructose and inulin modulate glucose and amino acid metabolism through propionate production in normal-weight and obese cats.
Verbrugghe A, Hesta M, Gommeren K, Daminet S, Wuyts B, Buyse J, Janssens GP.
Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Heidestraat 19, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.

Curr Microbiol. 2009 Apr;58(4):338-42.
In vitro fermentation of oat bran obtained by debranning with a mixed culture of human fecal bacteria.
Kedia G, Vazquez JA, Charalampopoulos D, Pandiella SS.
School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
This study suggests that the oat bran fraction obtained by debranning is digested by the gut ecosystem and increases the population of beneficial bacteria in the indigenous gut microbiota. This medium also provides an energy source preferred by colonocytes when it is metabolized by the gut flora.

FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2009 Apr;55(3):324-34.
Suppressive effects of Bifidobacterium longum on the production of Th2-attracting chemokines induced with T cell-antigen-presenting cell interactions.
Iwabuchi N, Takahashi N, Xiao JZ, Yonezawa S, Yaeshima T, Iwatsuki K, Hachimura S.
Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. n-iwabuchi@morinagamilk.co.jp

J Dairy Res. 2009 May;76(2):216-21.
Safety Assessment of Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716, a probiotic strain isolated from human milk.
Lara-Villoslada F, Sierra S, Diaz-Ropero MP, Rodriguez JM, Xaus J, Olivares M.
Department of Nutrition and Health, Puleva Biotech S.A. Cno, Purchil, 18004 Granada, Spain. flara@pulevabiotech.es

Clin Sci (Lond). 2009 Apr 1.
Short chain fatty acids stimulate migration of neutrophils to inflammatory site.
Vinolo MA, Rodrigues HG, Hatanaka E, Hebeda CB, Farsky SH, Curi R.
In this study, the effect of the SCFAs (acetate, propionate and butyrate) on neutrophil chemotaxis and migration was investigated. Experiments were carried out in rats and in vitro. The following parameters were measured: rolling, adherence, expression of adhesion molecules in neutrophils (L-selectin and beta2-integrin), transmigration, air pouch influx of neutrophils and production of cytokines (CINC-2alphabeta, IL-1beta, MIP-1alpha and TNF-alpha). SCFAs induced in vivo neutrophil migration and increased the release of CINC-2alphabeta into air pouch. These fatty acids increased the number of rolling and adhered cells as evaluated by intravital microscopy. SCFAs raised L-selectin expression on neutrophil surface and L-selectin mRNA levels, but had no effect on expression of beta2-integrin. Propionate and butyrate also increased in vitro transmigration of neutrophils. These results indicate that SCFAs produced by anaerobic bacteria raise neutrophil migration through increased L-selectin expression on neutrophils and CINC-2alphabeta release.